话题语篇专攻练32政治经济(二)(建议用时35分钟). 阅读理解AFor a long time the packaging industry has been attacked for using what is thought as large amounts of packaging, choosing materials which are felt to have high impacts on the environment, and for being responsible for littering and overflowing landfills. In a study performed by WRAP, one of the first to study food waste in the UK in 2012, the most frequent responses when consumers were asked about packaging were“uses too much material”and“bad for the environment”. The conclusions of these reports highlighted that the degree of the problem has been largely underestimated: at least 30% of food produced in the world is wasted. These figures are similar no matter if you are in the developed or developing world. However, two publications from cross-industry work groups were published recently, and have managed to reset the discussion to take into account the benefits of packaging for sustainability(可持续性). The first publication, “The Global Protocol on Packaging Sustainability”, describes an agreed common approach towards measuring packaging sustainability metrics(指标), so that the industry is not competing based on the definition of a metric, but rather competing based on performance. The second was, “Packaging in the Sustainability Agenda, A Guide for Corporate Decision Makers”, which highlighted the contributions of packaging to the three aspects of sustainability: packaging protects products and prevents waste(environmental aspect); packaging enables efficient business conduct(economic aspect); and packaging provides consumers with the benefits of the products it contains(social aspect). Packaging performs indeed a wide variety of functions throughout the value chain and contributes to reducing food waste by protecting ingredients(佐料)and products during transportation and by delivering family-sized packages. Food waste could be avoided for single households if they are provided with the choice of pack sizes meeting their consumption patterns and are not forced to buy larger packs that they may not be able to finish before the use-by date. Despite the fact that smaller sized packs use more packaging, the fact that food waste is reduced would nevertheless decrease overall environmental impacts of the packed product. 【文章大意】文章主要讨论的是商品的包装问题, 涉及过分的包装会对环境产生坏的影响等情况。1. It has long been thought that_. A. larger quantities of food are wasted in developed countriesB. WRAP is the first authority to study food waste in the UKC. packaging does great harm to the environmentD. packaging offers a powerful means to reduce food waste【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话For a long time the packaging industry has been attacked for using what is thought as large amounts of packaging, choosing materials which are felt to have high impacts on the environment可知包装对环境是有害的。2. According to the two publications in Paragraph 2, _. A. an agreement should be reached on measuring packaging sustainabilityB. the industry should compete based on the definition of sustainability metricsC. smaller sized packs promote less packaging and purchase among consumersD. sustainable packaging is eco-friendly, economically practical and socially beneficial【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话Packaging in the Sustainability Agenda. . . and packaging provides consumers with the benefits of the products it contains(social aspect). 中的关键词: environmental aspect; economic aspect; social aspect可知合适的包装是生态环保的, 对于社会和经济都是有益的。3. The authors attitude towards packaging is_. A. approvingB. negativeC. casualD. doubtful【解析】选A。观点态度题。根据文章最后一段Packaging performs indeed a wide variety of functions throughout the value chain and contributes to reducing food waste by protecting ingredients and products during transportation and by delivering family-sized packages. 可知作者对于适度的包装还是赞成的。BChinese e-commerce websites fail to pay more attention to older consumers, says a news report. Theres been a thought that younger consumers have been the driving force of online buying. That may not be the case. According to a statement from Alipay, the average expenditure(支出)of Alipay users born before the 1960s was 31, 000 yuan in 2012, much higher than 14, 000 yuan of those born after the 1980s. It shows that online shopping has become a key part of peoples daily consumption, for both the young and the old. Besides shopping, people pay bills such as water bills, electricity bills, and credit card repayments online. The middle-aged and senior consumers are also participating in that consumption revolution. Liu Chen, 56, said that his online expenditure in 2015 was over 50, 000 yuan, about half of the total annual expenditure. He always pays his telephone bill online. Clothes, electrical appliances and kids snacks are the main items he purchases online. Lius shopping strategy is to find something good online first, then go to shops to check it out, and finally buy it online because it is cheaper. As quality