2022年考博英语-厦门大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Koizumis annual visits to the notorious shrine have sparked a_of condemnation and protests from China and the ROK because the shrine honours 14 Class-A war criminals.问题1选项A.splashB.flurryC.particleD.stain【答案】B【解析】splash污点; flurry骚动, 慌张, a flurry of阵；particle颗粒; stain污点, 瑕疵。句意：小泉每年都要参拜臭名昭著的神社，引发了中韩人民的谴责和抗议，因为神社供奉着14名甲级战犯。选项B符合句意。2. 单选题The landscape of the American West was dramatically altered during the 20th century as a result of the_ construction of dams along major rivers.问题1选项A.degenerativeB.widespreadC.advancingD.extensive【答案】B【解析】degenerative退化的; widespread分布广泛的; advancing前进的; extensive广泛的,一般指范围和内容宽泛。句意：由于沿主要河流修建了大量的水坝, 美国西部的景色在20世纪发生了巨大的变化。这里强调分布广泛, 所以选项B更恰当。3. 写作题High-speed electronic communications media, such as electronic mail, telephone and television, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?You should write at least 250 words.You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.【答案】Nowadays no one would doubt that electronic communication media reach a much bigger audience at a speed that pales even forerunners a few decades ago. However, whether such high speed means as television and e-mail have handicapped meaningful and thoughtful communication has been called into doubt. In fact, one needs not to go far to find that these doubts are groundless.Far from being an impediment,high speed electronic media step up the communication of meaningful and insightful ideas. In previous times,most of communication was carried out by mail delivered by postmen hurrying in carts pulled by horses. This was undoubtedly slow and full of mistakes in addressing and delivery. Things became worse if weather was inclement. In 19th century,great writers,such as Tolstoy,Balzac and Moiposson, spent months waiting for important responses from their publishers and peer friends. However, what is need in the era of e-mail is a click to send an insightful review, a brilliant idea or an enlightening paper to the other hemisphere.Besides, it involved prohibitive costs of money and time to get thoughtful works, whether a play, a novel or musical composition, to a large audience that the greatness of the works ought to reach. Best sellers by scintillating names,for example,Dickens,Dumas,Hugo,hardly approached the threshold of a million. Today TVs and Internet can place novels,drama or thoughts at the focus of national attention within minutes. Never has it been more convenient to conduct thoughtful and meaningful communication with high speed electronic media as today.Not only do high speed electronic media contribute much to quickly communicating thoughtful and meaningful ideas or works,they also enhance their production. TVs and Internet open up new fields of perception and broaden our horizon,bringing myriads of new knowledge before our inquiring minds. With the richness and completeness of information available,we are more ready to come up with meaningful and holistic ideas since insularity hampers perception and yields bigotry. Whats more,the vividness of TVs and highly interactive nature of e-mail help draw closer the minds of people of different skin colors and nationalities, fostering curiosity and a sense of unity. This in turn promotes the readiness to a higher stage of meaningful and in-depth communication. In the Hollywood classic Youve Got Mail, Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan demonstrates what an amazing altitude communication through email can reach. Meaningfulness and insight always result from the same thingsperception and love of truth, candor and trust, and readiness to share ideas and skill in self-expression. The ease and richness of high speed electronic media add new strength to these things in bringing forth insights in communication.Admittedly,there are lots of trash ads and unwholesome contents in TV shows and e-mails,which constitute real threats to meaningful communication. But we should not balk at promoting the usage of email or watching TV programs. We should see the tremendous joint efforts by email service providers,TV program producers and legislation to get rid of trash information that stands in the way of customer rights and meaningful communication. The hope for a clean and clear space both in TV and cyberspace is growing bigger.High speed electronic media are blessing for meaningful and thoughtful communication, though there are spots that may mar their perfection. We should embrace them and help them grow wholesomely.4. 翻译题Scientists are searching for ways to destroy nuclear weapons in space - to make nuclear weapons powerless and no longer useful. This has become known as Star Wars. (1).Supporters of the Star War defense system hope that this would not