2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages（ ） patriotism.问题1选项A.obsoleteB.aggressiveC.harmoniousD.amiable【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据关键词“but”可知前后表达的意思应该相反，由此可推断填空处应该与“goodwill”意思相反，选项B更符合原文语境。2. 单选题The most urgent thing is to find a dump for those toxic industrial wastes.问题1选项A.imminentB.recyclableC.smellyD.poisonous【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。toxic指有毒的，所以选项D正确。3. 单选题Our journey was slow because the train stopped （ ）at different villages.问题1选项A.graduallyB.continuouslyC.constantlyD.continually【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。gradually逐渐地；continuously连续不断地；constantly不断地，时常地；continually不断地，频繁地。句意：我们的旅行很慢，因为火车频繁地在不同的村庄停靠。选项D更符合语境。4. 单选题I （ ）you that the goods will be delivered next week.问题1选项A.insistB.confirmC.assureD.ensure【答案】C【解析】近义词辨析。sb. confirm that证实.；assure sb. that.向某人保证.；sb. ensure that.确保某事会发生。选项C更符合语境。5. 单选题Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food,（ ） their cleanness, toughness and low cost.问题1选项A.by virtue ofB.in addition toC.for the sake ofD.as opposed to【答案】A【解析】by virtue of借助，由于；in addition to 除.之外；for the sake of 为了.；as opposed to 与.相反。句意：塑料袋由于其干净、结实和低成本的优点，可用于装各种各样的食物。选项A符合句意。6. 单选题Censorship, a word that seems to be（ ）quite controversy over certain people, may not be such a bad idea.问题1选项A.arguingB.attackingC.causingD.discussing【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句意可知这里指引发争议，选项C符合句意。7. 单选题Our new firm （ ） for a credible, aggressive individual with great skills to fill this position.问题1选项A.have lookedB.are lookingC.is lookingD.look【答案】C【解析】句意：我们的新公司正在寻找一个可靠的、有进取心的、有很强技能的人来填补这个职位。填空处应填入单数谓语动词，选项C符合语境。8. 单选题Globalization is a phenomenon and a revolution. It is sweeping the world with increasing speed and changing the global landscape into something new and different. Yet, like all such trends, its meaning, development, and impact puzzle many. We talk about globalization and experience its effects, but few of us really understand the forces that are at work in the global political economy.When people use their cell phones, log onto the Internet, view events from around the world on live television, and experience varying cultures in their own backyards, they begin to believe that this process of globalization is a good thing that will bring a variety of new and sophisticated changes to peoples lives. Many aspects of this technological revolution bring fun, ease, and sophistication to peoples daily lives. Yet the anti-World Trade Organization (WTO) protests in Seattle, Washington in 1999 and Washington, D. C. in 2000 are graphic illustrations of the fact that not everyone believes that globalization is a good thing. Many Americans who have felt left out of the global economic boom, as well as Latin Americans, Africans, and Asians who feel that their job skills and abilities are being exploited by multinational corporations (MNCs) in a global division of labor, believe that this system does not meet their needs. Local cultures that believe that Wal-Mart and McDonalds bringing cultural change and harm rather than inexpensive products and convenience criticize the process. In this way, globalization, like all revolutionary forces, polarizes people, alters the fabric of their lives, and creates rifts within and between people.Many in the West, along with the prominent and elite among MNCs, educators, and policymakers, seem to have embraced globalization. They argue that it helps to streamline economic systems, disciplines labor and management, brings forth new technologies and ideas, and fuels economic growth. They point to the relative prosperity of many Western countries and argue that this is proof of globalizations positive effects. They see little of the problems the critics identify. In fact, those who recognize some structural problems in the system argue that despite these issues, globalization is like across the developing world, view globalization as an economic and cultural wave that tears at the fabric of centuries-old societies. They see jobs emerging disappearing in a matter of months, people moving across the landscape in record numbers, elites amassing huge fortunes while local cultures and traditions are swept away, and local youth being seduced by promises of American material wealth and distanced from their own cultural roots. These critics look past the allure of globalization and focus on the disquieting impact of rapid and system-wide change.The irony of such a far-ranging and rapid historical process such as globalization is that both proponents and critics may be right. The realities of globalization are both intriguing and alarming. As technology and the global infrastruc