第四讲非谓语动词动词不定式全析考法.单句语法填空 1(2018全国卷)You dont have to run fast or for long_ (see) the benefit.解析：to see此处意为：你不必跑很快或很久就能看到它的好处。分析句子结构可知，此处应该使用不定式形式作目的状语。2(2018全国卷)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _ (improve) water quality.解析：to improve根据“改善水质”是“政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不种植水稻”的目的，可知此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。3(2018全国卷)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _ (stay) and watch. 解析：to stayallow sb.to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”。4(20186月浙江高考)While regularly eating out seems to _ (become) common for many young people in recent years, its not without a cost.解析：have become根据后面的时间状语in recent years可知，此处应该用动词不定式的完成时。5(2017全国卷)They are required _ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.解析：to processrequire sb.to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“需要某人做某事”。6(2016四川高考)For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something _ (eat)! 解析：to eat句意：25天中，她寸步不离她的孩子，甚至不去找东西吃！不定式to eat作定语，修饰前面的不定代词something。7(2015全国卷)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _ (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.解析：to cool“be形容词enoughto do sth.”为固定结构，意为“足够，能够做某事”。8(2014全国卷)I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused _ (stop) until we reached the next stop. 解析：to stoprefuse后接动词作宾语时，要用其不定式形式，即refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”。.单句改错1(2018全国卷)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me._解析：watchingwatchask to do sth.意为“请求做某事”，是固定结构。2(2018全国卷)Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious._解析：take前加tobe eager to do sth.表示“渴望做某事”，是固定结构。3(2017全国卷)When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！_解析：pick前加toinvite sb. to do sth.意为“邀请某人做某事”，是固定结构。4(20166月浙江高考)He would ask who we were and pretend not to knowing us._解析：knowingknowpretend后面接不定式作宾语，这里是否定式pretend not to do sth.“假装不做某事”。故knowing改成know。5(2015四川高考)Its been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing._解析：want后加towant后跟动词不定式作宾语，want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”。6(2015浙江高考)The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming._解析：feltfeelmake后面跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补，即make sb. do sth.，表示“使某人做某事”，所以此处应将felt改为feel。谨记规则不定式由“to动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to动词原形”。不定式可以加宾语或状语构成不定式短语，它没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。(一)不定式的用法1作主语(1)不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。To see is to believe.眼见为实。It is right to give up smoking.戒烟是正确的。(2)在“It is/wasadj.for/of sb. to do sth.”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind, nice, foolish等词，且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。It is generous of him to contribute so much.他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。It was important for us to live a lowcarbon life.过一种低碳生活对我们来说很重要。2作宾语(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, helpWe agreed to meet at the school gate.我们一致同意在校门口见面。(2)在某些动词如find, think, consider, feel, make, believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。We think it our duty to protect the environment.我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。3作表语不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作。My dream is to enter Peking University.我的梦想是考入北京大学。4作宾语补足语(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等。Father will not allow us to play in the street.父亲不会允许我们在街上玩耍。(2)下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感 (feel)，二听(hear, listen to)，三使(let，have, make)，五看 (see, notice, observe, watch, look at)，半帮助 (help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。Nobody saw him come in. (主动语态)没人看见他进来。The thief was observed to enter the bank. (被动语态)有人看见小偷进了银行。5作定语(1)不定式作定语表示将来的动作。I have a lot of work to do.我有许多工作要做。(2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。I need a pen to write with.我需要一支钢笔写字。特别注意如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way等，不定式后的介词习惯上可以省去。(3)不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。(4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。特别注意不定式作定语时，若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者，则用主动形式表被动含义；若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者，则用被动形式表被动含义。She has a sister to look after.她有一个妹妹要照顾。(she是look after的执行者)6作状语(1)作目的状语。表示“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能置于句首。To increase levels of community service, some schools have lau