2022年考博英语-合肥工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Until recently most astronomers believed that the space between the galaxies in our universe was a near perfect vacuum. This orthodox view of the universe is now being challenged by astronomers who believe that a heavy “rain” of gas is falling into many galaxies from the supposedly empty space around them. The gas apparently condenses into a collection of small supposedly empty space around them. The gas apparently condenses into a collection of small stars, each a little larger than the planet Jupiter. These stars vastly outnumber the other stars in a given galaxy. The amount of “intergalactic rainfall” into some of these galaxies has been enough to double their mass in the time since they formed. Scientists have begun to suspect that this intergalactic gas is probably a mixture of gases left over from the “big bang” when the galaxies were formed and gas was forced out of galaxies by supernova explosions.It is well known that when gas is cooled at a constant pressure its volume decreases. Thus, the physicist Fabian reasoned that as intergalactic gas cools, the cooler gas shrinks inward toward the center of the galaxy. Meanwhile its place is taken by hotter intergalactic gas from farther out on the edge of the galaxy, which cools as it is compressed and flows into the galaxy. The net result is a continuous flow of gas, starting as hot gases in intergalactic space and ending as a drizzle of cool gas called a “cooling flow,” falling into the central galaxy. A fairly heretical idea in the 1970s, the cooling-flow theory gained support when Fabian observed a cluster of galaxies in the constellation Perseus and found the central galaxy, NGC 1275, to be a strange-looking object with irregular, thin strands of gas radiating from it. According to previous speculation, these strands were gases that had been blown out by an explosion in the galaxy. Fabian, however, disagreed. Because the strands of gas radiating from NGC 1275 are visible in optical photographs, Fabian suggested that such strands consisted not of gas blown out of the galaxy but of cooling flows of gas streaming inward. He noted that the wavelengths of the radiation emitted by a gas would change as the gas cooled, so that as the gas flowed into the galaxy and became cooler, it would emit not x-rays, but visible light, like that which was captured in the photographs. Fabians hypothesis was supported by Canizares determination in 1982 that most of the gas in the Perseus cluster was at a temperature of 80 million degrees Kelvin, whereas the gas immediately surrounding NGC 1275(the subject of the photographs) was at one-tenth this temperature.1. The primary purpose of the passage is to _.2. It can be inferred from the passage that, if Fabian is correct, gas in the peripheral regions of a galaxy cluster _.3. According to the passage, Fabian believes that gas flowing into a central galaxy has which of the following characteristics?4. The author of the passage probably mentions Canizares determination in order to _.问题1选项A.illustrate a hypothesis about the origin of galaxiesB.provide evidence to dispute an accepted theory about the evolution of galaxiesC.summarize the state of and prospects for research in intergalactic astronomyD.reconcile opposing views on the formation of intergalactic gas问题2选项A.streams outward into intergalactic spaceB.is composed primarily of gas left over from the big bangC.is hotter than gas in the central regions of the galaxyD.expands to increase the size of the galaxy问题3选项A.It is one-tenth hotter than it was in the outer regions of the galaxy cluster.B.It emits radiation with wavelengths that change as the gas moves toward the center of the galaxy.C.The total amount of radiation emitted diminishes as the gas cools.D.It condenses at a rate much slower than the rate of decrease in temperature as the gas flows inward.问题4选项A.clarify an ambiguity in Fabians research findingsB.illustrate a generalization about the temperature of gas in a galaxy clusterC.introduce a new argument in support of the orthodox view of galaxiesD.provide support for Fabians assertions about the Perseus galaxies【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“文章的主要目的是”。文章的第一段提出了不同的宇宙的正统观点并做了初步介绍：This orthodox view of the universe is now being challenged by astronomers who believe that a heavy “rain” of gas is falling into many galaxies from the supposedly empty space around them.（这种关于宇宙的正统观点现在正受到天文学家的挑战，他们认为一场巨大的气体“雨”正从许多星系周围的所谓真空落入它们）；接着第二段就围绕具体的内容展开阐述，提出了不同天文学家的不同的看法；由此可以推知文章的目的是为反驳关于星系进化的被接受的理论提供证据，B项“提供证据来争论关于星系演化的公认理论”符合题意；A项“举例说明一个关于星系起源的假说”和D项“调和关于星系间气体形成的不同观点”只是文章其中的一部分；C项“综述了星系间天文学的研究现状和前景”，文中没有提到天文学的研究现状和前景。因此，该题选择B项正确。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从这篇文章中可以推断出，如果Fabian是正确的，在一个星系团的外围区域的气体”。根据第二段的第二句和第三句Thus, the physicist Fabian reasoned that as intergalactic