2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题The necessary urban development of our cities must be compatible with the conservation of the Cultural and Historical Patrimony. This is particularly true in the case of those cities, numerous in the Iberian Peninsula and Europe, that are the result of a long historical tradition, often uninterrupted during almost two thousand years. （1）The preservation of the Archaeological Patrimony in these cities, however, conies up against conflicts difficult to resolve，with very differine and opposed positions: the demand and the price of the ground, the liamionious development of the city, the presence of infrastructures and services, the aspiration of the citizens to worthy housing, the business projects of the promoters or the working plans of the constructors.The common resource established to solve these conflicts is Urban Planning. （2）Arcliaeolouv must take part actively in the elaboration of this planning，and use its abilities positively to prevent archaeological problems and look for an acceptable solution fi.oni the point of view of the protection of the Archaeological Patrimony with regaid to urban development.（3）Lainentablv，archaeology frequently ignores the possibilities of this course of action and does not have the resources necessary to use the urban standard and the planning figures as other methodological instruments (alongside those traditionally used archaeology) to solve the archaeological impact of urban development.（4）Given that the planning figures are the most efficient wav of regulating the ground plan and classify and organize the territory, they are also a useful instrument for organizing an action of urban Archaeological Patrimony within the plan. This outlining must extend from the element under protection towards its surroundings, and must seek the conservation of that space, as well as guarantee the control of the agents or activities that may act negatively upon them.（5）The adequate organization of these spaces needs not only to apply the existing ground legislation, but also develop in each particular case (whether a city or a superior organiziii2 community) a defined regulation. This regulation, adapted to the specification of the elements and surroundings to be protected, provides an adequate organization of the spaces that, due to their own historical values and potential social function, thus require it. To achieve this, it will be necessary to not only limit their use, but also to establish solutions for their management and, even, for their socio-cultural use.【答案】1.然而，这些城市的考古遗产保护遇到了难以调和的冲突，其中包括一些非常不同，甚至对立的观点。2.考古学（家）必须积极参与城市规划方案的制定，并积极地利用其影响力来阻止考古相关的问题。而且，在城市开发方面，必须从保护历史遗产的角度来寻求可接受的解决办法。3.可惜，考古学经常忽视这一行动的可能性，他们缺乏必要的资源将城市标准和规划数字用作其他方法学工具（与传统考古学一样）,以解决城市开发对考古学造成的冲击。4.假使规划数据是规定土地使用和对用地进行划分以及管理的最有效的途径，它们也可以成为在规划范围内组织城市历史遗址保护行动的有效手段。5.为了对这些地的空间进行充分管理，不仅需要应用现成的一些规范，还要针对每一种具体情况（无论是一座城市还是高级的组织社区）制定特殊规定。2. 单选题If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in the way of（ ）.问题1选项A.persuasionB.remedyC.encouragementD.compromise【答案】C【解析】句意:如果一个人谈及自己的缺点，那么他的听众就被期待说一些关于鼓励的话。考查名词辨析。persuasion说服，劝说;remedy补救，治疗;encouragement 鼓励；compromise 妥协，和解。由前半句句意可知C符合句意。3. 单选题In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well.First, lets talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it.This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the meeting influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer see you there at 8, but text me around 8 and well see where we all are.Texting changes people as well. In their paper, Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging, two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the talkers and the textersthose who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text to voice. They found that the mobile phones individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.Another scientist wrote of the changes t