2022年考博英语-复旦大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题A stout old lady was walking with her basket down the middle of a street in Petrograd to the great confusion of the traffic and with no small peril to herself. It was pointed out to her that the pavement was the place for pedestrians, but she replied, “Im going to walk where I like. Weve got liberty now.” It did not occur to the dear old lady that if liberty entitled the pedestrian to walk down the middle of the road, then the end of such liberty would be universal chaos. Everybody would be getting in everybody elses way and nobody would get anywhere. Individual liberty would have become social anarchy.There is a danger of the world getting liberty drunk in these days like the old lady with the basket, and it is just as well to remind ourselves of what the rule of the road means. It means that in order that the liberties of all may be preserved, the liberties of everybody must be curtailed. When the policeman, say, at Piccadilly Circus steps into the middle of the road and puts out his hand, he is the symbol not of tyranny, but of liberty. You may not think so. You may, being in a hurry, and seeing your car pulled up by this insolence of office, feel that your liberty has been outraged. How dare this fellow interfere with your free use of the public highway? Then, if you are a reasonable person, you will reflect that if he did not interfere with you, he would interfere with no one, and the result would be that Piccadilly Circus would be a maelstrom that you would never cross at all. You have submitted to a curtailment of private liberty in order that you may enjoy a social order which makes your liberty a reality.Liberty is not a personal affair only, but a social contract. It is an accommodation of interests. In matters which do not touch anybody elses liberty, of course, I may be as free as I like. If I choose to go down the road in a dressing-gown who shall say me nay? You have liberty to laugh at me, but I have liberty to be indifferent to you. And if I have a fancy for dyeing my hair, or waxing my moustache (which heaven forbid), or wearing an overcoat and sandals, or going to bed late or getting up early, I shall follow my fancy and ask no mans permission. I shall not inquire of you whether I may eat mustard with my mutton. And you will not ask me whether you may follow this religion or that, whether you may prefer Ella Wheeler Wilcox to Wordsworth, or champagne to shandy.In all these and a thousand other details you and I please ourselves and ask no ones leave. We have a whole kingdom in which we rule alone, can do what we choose, be wise or ridiculous, harsh or easy, conventional or odd. But directly we step out of that kingdom, our personal liberty of action becomes qualified by other peoples liberty. I might like to practice on the trombone from midnight till three in the morning. If I went on to the top of Everest to do it, I could please myself, but if I do it in my bedroom my family will object, and if I do it out in the streets the neighbors will remind me that my liberty to blow the trombone must not interfere with their liberty to sleep in quiet. There are a lot of people in the world, and I have to accommodate my liberty to their liberties.We are all liable to forget this, and unfortunately we are much more conscious of the imperfections of others in this respect than of our own. A reasonable consideration for the rights or feelings of others is the foundation of social conduct. It is in the small matters of conduct, in the observance of the rule of the road, that we pass judgment upon ourselves, and declare that we are civilized or uncivilized. The great moments of heroism and sacrifice are rare. It is the little habits of commonplace intercourse that make up the great sum of life and sweeten or make bitter the journey.1.The author might have stated his “rule of the road” as（ ）.2.The authors attitude to the old lady in Paragraph 1 is（ ）.3.A situation analogous to the “insolence of office” described in Paragraph 2 would be （ ）.4.The author assumes that he may be as free as he likes in（ ）.5.In the sentence “We are all liable.” the author is（ ）.问题1选项A.do not walk in the middle of the roadB.follow the orders of policemenC.do not behave inconsiderately in publicD.do what you like in private问题2选项A.condescendingB.intolerantC.objectiveD.supportive问题3选项A.a teacher correcting grammar errorsB.an editor shortening the text of an articleC.a tax inspector demanding to see someones accountsD.an army office giving orders to a soldier问题4选项A.all matters of dress and foodB.any situation which does not interfere with the liberty of othersC.anything that is not against the lawD.his own home问题5选项A.pointing out a general weaknessB.emphasizing his main pointC.countering a general misconceptionD.suggesting a reme