2022年考博英语-北京师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题关于疾病及其起因的说法有很多。有人认为疾病不仅反映出身体差，它还反映了精神和社会的整体状况。战争、不良居住环境、失业、不稳定的政治体制、不平等的权利及生存条件以及社会医疗服务的匮乏均可引发疾病。同时，我们也应当记住良好的精神状态对健康和长寿是非常重要的。【答案】People have different opinions about diseases and their causes. Some think that diseases reflect not only physical weakness but also the overall psychological and social conditions. Wars, unhealthy living environment, unemployment, unstable political systems, unequal rights and living conditions, the lack of social medical services can all contribute to diseases. At the same time, we should also bear in mind that psychological soundness is crucial to health and longevity.2. 单选题Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences. Differences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from differences in their goals. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeares Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power, nor is Picassos painting Guernica primarily a propositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that form.This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field: the composer Monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozarts The Marriage of Figaro is surely among the masterpieces of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing means. It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits-the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach-in strikingly original ways.1.The author considers a new theory that coherently relates diverse phenomena to one another to be the（）2.The passage supplies information for answering all of the following questions EXCEPT:（）3.The author regards the idea that all highly creative artistic activity transcends limits with（）4.The author implies that an innovative scientific contribution is one that（）5. Which of the following statements would most logically conclude the last paragraph of the passage?问题1选项A.basis for reaffirming a well-established scientific formulationB.byproduct of an aesthetic experienceC.tool used by a scientist to discover a new particularD.result of highly creative scientific activity问题2选项A.Has unusual creative activity been characterized as revolutionary?B.Did Beethoven work within a musical tradition that also included Handel and Bach?C.Is Mozarts The Marriage of Figaro an example of a creative work that transcended limits?D.Who besides Monteverdi wrote music that the author would consider to embody new principles of organization and to be of high aesthetic value?问题3选项A.deep skepticismB.strong indignationC.marked indifferenceD.moderate amusement问题4选项A.is cited with high frequency in the publications of other scientistsB.is accepted immediately by the scientific communityC.does not relegate particulars to the role of dataD.introdu