2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 翻译题如果要我用一个词来概括优秀经理人员的话，那我就会说是果断。你可以使用世界上最复杂的计算机，你可以收集所有的图表和数字，但最终你必须把所有的信息汇集起来，提出一张时间表，然后采取行动。一位企业领导人希望得到所有事实，坚持等到研究工作能确保某项计划定会成功后才 采取行动，这是非常自然的事情。如果你要花三亿美元开发一项新产品，你毕竟希望绝对保证你的做法是对的。在理论上是不错的，现实生活中却并非如此。毫无疑问，你有责任尽量多地收集有关事实和数据。但到了某一时刻，你必须根据自己的信念跳一步，迅速地做出决定才行。因为，第一，即使是正确的决定，做得太晚，也会变成错误的；第二，在大多数情况下，根本就没有十拿九稳的事情。有时候，最优秀的经理人员，也会像牵着一条大狗的小孩一样，先要弄清楚狗想往哪儿去，再把它往哪儿牵。决策者需要多少信息才算够用呢？要提出一个具体数字是不可能的；但如果你只有50%的事实就贸然行动，那你成功的可能性显然就会微乎其微。如果是这样的话，你最好是吉星高照，要不然也得有极妙的预感。有时候这种冒险是需要的，但管理铁路却不可这样。【答案】If I had to use one word to describe a good manager, it would be decisiveness. You can use the most sophisticated computer in the world, you can collect all the charts and figures, but ultimately you have to put all the information together. Put forward a schedule, and then take action.A corporate leaders hope to get all the facts, adhere to wait for work to ensure that a plan will be successful before taking action, it is very natural thing. If you want to spend $3 hundred million to develop a new product, you want absolute guarantee that your approach is right after all is good in theory, in real life is not the case. There is no doubt that your duty to collect as much as possible to hold the relevant facts and figures. But at a certain moment, you must according to their own beliefs jump step, make a decision quickly. Because first of all, even the right decision, made too late, will be wrong; second, in most cases, there are no guarantees. Sometimes the best managers, like kids with a big dog, have to figure out where the dog wants to go, and then where to lead it.How much information is enough for decision makers? It was impossible to come up with a specific figure. But if you jump in with only 50 percent of the facts, then your chances of success are obviously very slim and if thats the case, youd better be lucky, or you have to have a great sense of foreboding. Sometimes you need to take risks like that, but you dont need to run a railroad2. 单选题On average, American kids ages 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than they did in 1981. They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet. Involvement in sports, in particular, rose almost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports; girls log half that time. All in all, however, childrens leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%.“Children are affected by the same time crunch (危机) that affects their parents,” says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent study of childrens timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that more mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both double-income and “male breadwinner” households spent comparable amounts of time interacting with their parents, 19 hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids. “Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself,” says T. Berry Brazelton, professor at Harvard Medical School. Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids aged 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it.The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing “free time watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If theyre spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids arent replacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading. Lets face it, whos got the time?1. By mentioning “the same time crunch” (Line 1, Para. 2) Sandra Hofferth means _.2. According to the author: the reason given by Sandra Hofferth for the time crunch is _.3. According to the author a child develops better if _.4. The author is concerned about the fact that American kids_.5. We can infer from the passage that_.问题1选项A.children have little time to play with their parentsB.children are not taken good care of by their working parentsC.parents and children suffer from lack of leisure timeD.both parents and children have trouble managing their time问题2选项A.quite convincingB.partially trueC.totally groundlessD.rather confusing问题3选项A.he has plenty of time reading and studyingB.he is left to play with his peers in his own wayC.he has more time participating in school activitiesD.he is free to interact with his working parents问题4选项A.are engaged in more and more structured activitiesB.are increasingly neglected by their working mothersC.are spending more and more time watching TVD.are involved less and less in household work问题5选