2022年考博英语-南昌大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The famous scientist his success to hard work.问题1选项A.ascribedB.grantedC.impartedD.acknowledged【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。ascribe “归因于”，一般与to 搭配，ascribe to “把归于”；grant “（合法地）授予”；impart “告知”；acknowledge “承认，确认”。句意：这位著名的科学家将其成功归功于努力。选项A符合题意。2. 翻译题There is no end to theories about body shape and personality, and there is no doubt that certain people with certain bodies often have very predictable characters. However, there are some researchers who believe that the many instances in which body and personality go together are due to stereotyping; that is, we expect a certain type of person to have certain traits, so we see those traits whether they are there or not. For example, muscular people are believed to be dominant and forceful, so we treat them as leaders. But sometimes they are actually shy and timiD.Fat people are supposed to be happy and warmhearted, but in reality they can just as easily be depressed or mean. Sometimes people will even act the way they think others expect them to act. By doing that, people will fill the role in which we picture them.【答案】关于体型和个性的理论层出不穷，毫无疑问，拥有特定身材的某些人往往具有非常可推测的性格。然而，也有一些研究人员认为，身体和人格结合在一起的许多情况是由于刻板印象；也就是说，我们期望特定类型的人有特定的特质，所以不管他们是否存在，我们都能看到这些特质。例如，肌肉发达的人被认为是强势的，所以我们把他们当作领导者。但有时候他们实际上害羞且胆小。人们认为肥胖的人快乐、热情，但实际上，他们很容易沮丧又刻薄。有时候，人们甚至会按照他们认为别人希望他们做的事情去做。通过这样做，人们将会扮演我们想象中的角色。3. 单选题Some analysts consider the process of automation a second industrial revolution with the potentiality for a social upheaval that marked the birth of the factory a century and a half ago. Others insist it is just another step in industrys progress toward greater efficiency, no different in its basic attributes from any of the technological advances that have helped raise American wages, employment totals and living standards.Congressional investigations, puzzled about what action the government should take, have been told by union leaders that automation threatens mass unemployment and by business executives that it will bring unparalleled prosperity.Engineers say that push-button factories may eventually permit a work schedule in which the week-end will be longer than the week. Educators see all this leisure promoting a scholastic renaissance in which cultural attainments will become the yardstick of social recognition for workers and boss alike. Gloomier observers fear the trend toward “inhuman production” will end by making men obsolete.1. The passage is primarily concerned with .2. Which of the following statements is true?3. The position of the author is to .4. Whose opinion indicates that automation is a great threat to social stability?问题1选项A.robots at workB.machines vs. mankindC.speculations on automationD.our rising standard of living问题2选项A.The government favors automation.B.Industry has made great advances in the past 150 years.C.Engineers oppose automation.D.More people favor automation than oppose it.问题3选项A.present unfavorable opinions on automationB.convince the readers of the benefits of automationC.present different opinions on automationD.urge the government to promote automation问题4选项A.EducatorsB.Union leadersC.Some analystsD.Some observers【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了不同人对automation(自动化)的看法，因此选项C符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章第三段第一句话提到工程师们认为自动化的工厂可能最终会使那些能在一周内完成的工作延长时间（Engineers say that push-button factories may eventually permit a work schedule in which the week-end will be longer than the week），由此可以推测出工程师们对自动化是持反对意见的，因此选项C符合题意。3.主旨大意题。作者客观陈述了不同人对自动化的看法，并没有带有自己的观点或者评价，因此选项C符合题意。4.判断推理题。文章第二段提到工会领导人认为自动化会导致大规模失业（union leaders that automation threatens mass unemployment），而大规模失业肯定会影响社会安定，因此选项B符合题意。4. 单选题Though he wheedled and threatened, she didnt any details of the plan.问题1选项A.give offB.give awayC.give overD.give up【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。give off “发出（光）等”；give away “赠送，丧失；泄露”；give over “停止；交出”；give up “放弃；交出”。句意：尽管他时而甜言蜜语，时而威胁，她没有透露计划的任何细节。5. 单选题The presidents speech was so that many people were persuaded to accept the need for change.问题1选项A.expressiveB.inherentC.eloquentD.frequent【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。expressive “表现的”；inherent “固有的，内在的”；eloquent “雄辩的，有口才的”；frequent “频繁的”。句意：总统的演讲非常有说服力，以至于许多人都被说服接受了变革的必要性。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled pain-free life equals to happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true; more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious c