2022年考博英语-复旦大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题We are told that the mass media are the greatest organs for enlightenment that the world has yet seen; that in Britain, for instance, several million people see each issue of the current affairs programme, Panorama. It is true that never in human history were so many people so often and so much exposed to so many intimations about societies, forms of life, attitudes other than those which obtain in their own local societies. This kind of exposure may well be a point of departure for acquiring certain important intellectual and imaginative qualities; width of judgment, a sense of the variety of possible attitudes. Yet in itself such exposure does not bring intellectual or imaginative development. It is no note than the masses of stone which lie around in a quarry and which may, conceivably go to the making of a cathedral. The mass media cannot build the cathedral, and their way of showing the stones does not always prompt others to build. For the stones are resented within a self-contained and self-sufficient world in which, it is implied, simply to look at them, to observefleetinglyindividually interesting points of difference between them, is sufficient in itself.Life is indeed full of problems on which we have to or feel we should try to make decisions, as citizens or as private individuals. But neither the real difficulty of these decisions, nor their true and disturbing challenge to each individual, can often be communicated through the mass media. The disinclination to suggest real choice, individual decision, which is to be found in the mass media is not simply the product of a commercial desire, to keep the customers happy. It is within the grain of mass communications. The organs of the Establishment, however well-intentioned they may be and Whatever their form (the State, the Church, voluntary societies, political parties), have a vested interest in ensuring that the public boat is not violently rocked, and will so affect those who work within the mass media that then will be led insensibly towards forms of production which, though they go through the motions of dispute and enquiry do not break through the skin to where such enquiries might really hurt, They will tend to move, when exposing problems, well within the accepted cliche assumptions. Of democratic society and will tend neither radically to question these cliches nor to make a disturbing application of them to features of contemporary life. They will stress the “stimulation” the programmers give, but this soon becomes an agitation of problems for the sake of the interest of that agitation in itself; they will therefore, again, assist a form of acceptance of the status quo. There are exceptions to this tendency, but they are uncharacteristic.The result can be seen in a hundred radio and television programmers as plainly as in the normal treatment of public issues in the popular press. Different levels of background in the readers or viewers may be assumed, but what usually takes place is a substitute for the process of arriving at judgment. Programmers such as this are noteworthy less for the stimulation they offer than for the fact that that stimulation (repeated at regular intervals) may become a substitute for, and so a hindrance to, judgments carefully arrived at and tested in the mind and on the pulses. Mass communications, then, do not ignore intellectual matters; they tend to castrate them, to allow them to sit on the side of the fireplace, sleek and useless, a family plaything.1.The author holds that the Establishment should try to （ ）.2.According to the author, when mass communications deal with intellectual matters, they should（ ）.3.In the first paragraph, the author uses the comparison with building a cathedral just to show （ ）.4.The word “fleetingly” in Paragraph 1 means（ ）.5.In the passage the author criticizes the mass media for（ ）.问题1选项A.do a good service to societyB.alter the form of public institutionsC.maintain its position in societyD.kindle strong emotions in the public问题2选项A.look on them as a domestic pastimeB.regard them as most pressing mattersC.think of them as controversial mattersD.consider them to be of only domestic interest问题3选项A.sometimes paying close attention to details is extremely importantB.great works of art usually need good and solid foundationsC.the ancient society had different beliefsD.worthwhile results do not depend on raw materials only问题4选项A.attentivelyB.transientlyC.SentimentallyD.strictly问题5选项A.their widening the gap between readers or viewersB.their failing to reach any definite conclusions over what they reportC.their setting too intellectual a standardD.their catering for a small number of audiences【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】第1题:文章第二段提到无论这些组织的初衷有多么美好，也不管它们的形式是什么样的，比如国家、教会、社团、政党等