2022年考博英语-北京科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed.问题1选项A.compellingB.rationalC.ridiculousD.ambiguous【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。absurd表示“荒谬的”；A项compelling“引人注目的，令人信服的”，B项rational“合理的，理性的”，C项ridiculous“可笑的，荒谬的”，D项ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱两可的”。句意：没有什么比说人类命中注定更荒谬的了。根据句意可知C项正确。2. 单选题Assumingly that he disagrees with our proposal, what shall we do next?问题1选项A.IfB.What ifC.WhenD.What about【答案】B【解析】考查词义辨析与条件状语从句。Assumingly的动词原形是assume，放在句首表示疑问“假定，假使”；A项if“如果”，一般用法为if that +从句；B项what if“假使将会怎么样”，用法为what if+主语+谓语；C项when“何时”，引导时间状语从句；D项what about“怎么样”，引导特殊疑问句。句意：假如他不同意我们的建议，那我们下一步怎么办？根据句意可知，该题选择B项正确。3. 翻译题Apart from flights, telephones and television, one of the most significant ways in which life in the twentieth century differs from antiquity is the pervasive presence of clocks. Our lives are scheduled around specific times and intervals in a fashion that would have been impossible in ancient Rome.When and how did this profound change come about? Did monasteries acquire the first clocks and then, in league with an emerging merchant class, enforce their own rigid time standards on the surrounding populace? This viewthe accepted interpretation for at least 50 yearis carefully dissected and challenged in Dohrn-van Rossums revisionist account.【答案】除了飞机、电话和电视之外，二十世纪的生活与古代最重要的不同之处之一就是时钟的普遍使用。我们习惯于将生活细分到具体的时间点和事件单，这在古罗马是不可能出现的。这种深刻的变化是何时以及如何发生的？是修道院在获得了第一个时钟之后，联合新兴的商人阶级把他们严格的时间观念强加给普通大众的吗？在至少50年的时间里，这种观点被大众所认可并受到了Dohrn-van Rossum的修正主义的仔细分析和挑战。4. 单选题“There is a weird power in a spoken word,” Joseph Conrad once said.问题1选项A.mightyB.prospectiveC.oddD.formidable【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。weird表示“奇怪的，不可思议的”；A项mighty“强有力的”，B项prospective“未来的”，C项odd“古怪的”，D项formidable“令人敬畏的”。句意：约瑟夫康纳德（Joseph Conrad）曾经说过：“口头语言拥有神奇的力量。”根据句意可知C项正确。5. 单选题Before the 1980s, the idea of health insurance was quite（ ）to those living in the mainland of China.问题1选项A.overseasB.abroadC.foreignD.offshore【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项overseas“海外的”，B项abroad“往国外的”，C项foreign“外国的，外交的”，D项offshore表示“离岸的，近海的”。句意：20世纪80年代以前，中国大陆的居民对医疗保险的概念非常陌生。因此C项正确。6. 单选题Wheat yield in Europe is highly sensitive to natural variability in temperature and rainfall. In these simulations, climate change alone by 2050 results in significant increases in yield under both scenarios only in three northern European countries. But adding estimated effects of higher CO2 concentrations on plant growth increases that yields considerably, with yield increases now being significant in all of the ten countries included in the study. Whether such increases due to higher CO2 concentration would actually be realized is uncertain, because of problems in extrapolating from idealized laboratory and modeling results to field conditions.The clear message of this work is that greater efforts are needed to take account of the “noise” of natural climate variability when considering the “signal” of climate change. In particular, care must be taken in interpreting the results of impact assessments, especially those which use climate simulations over short periods only.Much more remains to be done. For example, the use of simulated monthly climate data by Hulme et al, even when interpolated to daily data by statistical methods, leaves open the possibility of systematic changes in day-to-day variability and extremes due to climate change. These could well dominate the effects of climate change on both river flow and wheat yield. Taking them into account will require the analysis of daily output from the climate models, especially at fine spatial resolution.More importantly, in understanding the message from Hulme et al, we need to distinguish between confidence levels used for the detectability of simulated or real impacts due to climate change, and those needed to decide if the information about possible future impacts is useful for decision-makers. Detectability, used as evidence of climate change, arguably requires a high level of confidence, say, at the 95% or 99% level. On the other hand, if we take it as a given that climate change is occurring, and we are seeking useful advice as to what the consequences might be, a lower level of confidence may suffice.Studies of the length of a data set is necessary to detect a real change in the mean against a background of variability, for example for detection of trends in total ozone or river flow, indicate that even if the change is real, it may need to have happened for decades before it can be shown statistically to have occurred. In cases such as estimation of flood frequency and of the occurrence of moisture stress in crops, what is needed to identify future “dangerous” levels of climate change, or to plan adaptation measures, is an estimate of changes in the probability of such effects before they happen.1. According to the study, high wheat yi