2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one popular form continues to thrive: that is alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that the cars of a taxi firm called AAAA have a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers look through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbot has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American presidents and vice-presidents have surnames starting with B and C separately and 26 of George Bushs predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi). The worlds three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the worlds five richest men (Gates, Buffet, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So shortsighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is seldom asked the improving questions by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.11. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?12. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?13. The fourth paragraph suggests that_.14. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ ?15. Which of the following is true according to the text?问题1选项A.A type of conspicuous bias.B.A kind of overlooked inequality.C.A type of personal prejudiceD.A kind of brand discrimination.问题2选项A.In both East and West, names are important to success.B.The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman.C.Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.D.Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies names.问题3选项A.questions are often put to the more intelligent studentsB.alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from classC.students should be seated according to their eyesightD.teachers should pay equal attention to all their students问题4选项A.They are noisily dozing off.B.They are getting impatient.C.They feeling humiliated.D.They are busy with word puzzles.问题5选项A.People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.B.The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.C.VIPs in the western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.D.Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional unfairness.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】11.推理判断题，定位到文章一二句也是文章的中心句Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one popular form continues to thrive: that is alphabetism.“在过去的一个世纪里，各种不公平和歧视都受到谴责或被定为非法。但有一种流行的形式仍在蓬勃发展，那就是字母排序”这是文章的主旨句，说的是虽然这个社会反对歧视但是有种歧视却被人忽略了，那就是字母顺序歧视。第二段主要是举例说明这种歧视，所以答案选B“一种被忽视的不平等”；A选项“一种明显的偏见”，文章没有提到，属于无中生有；C选项“一种个人偏见”，文章没有提到，属于无中生有；D选项“一种品牌歧视”，文章没有提到，属于无中生有。12.主旨大意题，分析文章前三段的行文结构，文章是总分结构，第一段提出生活中有种歧视被我们忽视了，那就是“字母顺序歧视”这一观点，第二三段都是在举例，说明这种现象不是凭空捏造而是真实存在着的，所以答案选C选项“某种形式的歧视太微妙而无法识别”；A选项“在东方和西方，名字对成功都很重要”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；B选项“Zoe Zysman的失败要归咎于字母表”定位到第二段第二句Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbot has in life over Zoe Zysman.（不太为人所知的是，亚当阿伯特(Adam Abbot)在生活中比佐伊兹斯曼(Zoe Zysman)有优势）从这里可以看出名字的字母顺序只是让排在名字字母前面的人比排在后面的人有优势而已，不能把叫Zoe Zysman的人的失败全部归结于字母，这里属于理解过度；D选项“顾客经常很注意公司的名字”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。13.推理判断题，第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第四段第一句Can this merely be coincidence? “这仅仅是巧合吗？”，从这个反问句就可以看出作者认为名字字母靠后的学生难以获得成就并非巧合，第二步，寻找上下文线索，第四段描述的是一个作者的推想，就是那些字母排在后面的人小时候因为老师为了省事所以按照名字字母顺序被排在了后面，结果因为老师的忽略没有发现某些名字字母排后面的学生有近视，