2022年考博英语-中国科学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The train is _ at the destination station at 11 oclock this evening.问题1选项A.dueB.vitalC.instantD.available【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. due 预期的，预计的 B. vital 必不可少的，极其重要的C. instant 立即的，立刻的 D. available 可获得的，可找到的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】空格处做表语来说明火车的性质，后半句说到“今晚11点（at 11 oclock this evening）到达终点站”，通常来说，火车的时刻表是固定的，所以火车到达终点站的时间是可以预计到的。due指预计在特定的时间或地点发生，因此A选项due“预期的，预计的”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】B选项vital“必不可少的，极其重要的”指为了某事物的成功或存在所必需的或必要的，不能和“11 oclock this evening（今晚11点）”相对应；C选项instant“立即的，立刻的”指某事迅速发生，不符合题干的语义逻辑；D选项available“可获得的，可找到的”指容易得到或使用，不符合题干的语义逻辑。【句意】火车预计于今晚11点到达终点站。2. 单选题The materials probe complex and _ issues concerning the ways in which a language affects the thinking that goes on in the human minds.问题1选项A.cohesiveB.conduciveC.elusiveD.exclusive【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. cohesive 结合的，凝结的 B. conducive 有助于的，有益的C. elusive 难以捉摸的，难以解释的 D. exclusive 专有的，排他的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】空格处作定语修饰下文的“issues（问题）”，表示这些材料所探讨的问题是什么样的。and连接两个并列定语，说明空格处要和“complex（复杂的）”相对应，这些问题很复杂，也就意味着很难理解它们。elusive指难以理解、定义或记住，因此C选项elusive“难以捉摸的，难以解释的”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项cohesive“结合的，凝结的”指使人或事物联合起来，结成一个紧密的整体，不能和“issues（问题）”进行搭配；B选项conducive“有助于的，有益的”指使某事更容易或可能发生，不符合题干的语义逻辑；D选项exclusive“专有的，排他的”指仅供一个特定的人或群体使用或其他事物不能与其同时存在，不能和“complex（复杂的）”相对应。【句意】这些材料探讨了关于语言影响人类思维方式的复杂而难以捉摸的问题。3. 单选题The drill ship was able to maintain a steady position on the oceans surface and drill in very deep waters, （ ） samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.问题1选项A.suspendingB.locatingC.dispensingD.extracting【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。suspend “延缓，推迟”；locate “位于”；dispense “免除；分配”；extract “提取；提炼”。句意：钻探船能够在海面保持稳定的位置，并能够钻进深海，从海底_沉积物和岩石样本。根据句意可知选项D符合题意。4. 单选题Envy has become a drive wheel of our modern world. It is the passion that governs our economic life. Modern capitalism relies on its ability to create and increase scarcity and it therefore depends largely on the omnipresence of envy. In affluent societies the availability of material goods increases the demand for positional goods based on social scarcity. Most often it is “ envy，emulation, or pride” creating this kind of scarcity, in which satisfaction is derived from relative position alone, being in front, or from being behind.” As long as people desire what others desire scarcity will be the never-ending condition of our lives that keeps our economy running. Through envy nearly any object can turn into a desirable commodity promising unending happiness.Modern advertising is the best example to illustrate the importance of envy to keep our economy going. Advertising uses envy to make commodities desirable. Posters, announcements and TV-spots show us enviable people who have those things and goods we lack but nonetheless need to gain happiness. Advertisement sells products with the help of envious contagion. Most of the time envy itself remains hidden and is not directly mentioned in commercials. But even this may no longer be true. Envy seems to lose its traditional bad reputation. More and more commercials directly refer to envy to make their commodities more desirable. The most well- known example of an open reference to envy is a perfume produced by the Italian company Gucci with the brand name “Envy” promising that you will not only be envied for some external object that belongs to you but for your very self-embodied in a seductive fragrance.Those of you familiar with traditional definitions of envy and emulation may, however, question my thesis that our modern economy is driven by envy. Is it really envy that governs our economy or would not emulation be a more appropriate and less moralizing term? There is an easy answer to this question. In parallel with the emergence of our modern world and the rise of capitalism the traditional distinction between bad envy and good emulation has slowly lost its meaning. Where Immanuel Kant, for instance, refers to the passions nature uses to turn a sheepish, idle and inactive Arcadia into a prosperous culture he refers to an “enviously competitive vanity” that no longer allows a neat distinction between envy and emulation but mentions a form of human desire comprising both these traditionally distinguished emotions.1. Envy is the driving force of modern economic development because（ ）.2. What is the essence of envy that keeps economy going?3. What is the illusion advertisement brings to its consumers?4. Take the Italian perfume “Envy” for an example, the word “envy” （ ）.5. According to the passage, what is bad envy?6. According to Kant, the commonness between envy and emulation is（ ）.问题1选项A.it gives rise to modern consumerismB.it urges people to possess more and better goodsC.it is the prerequisite of high productivityD.the passion of it helps produce more goods问题2选项A.The pursuit of vanity.B.The wish of the prosperity of products.