2022年考博英语-北京科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The stronger the motivation, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.问题1选项A.superstitionB.worshipC.purposeD.desire【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。motivation表示“动机，推动”；A项superstition“迷信”，B项worship“崇拜，尊敬”，C项purpose“目的”，D项desire“欲望”。句意：一个人学习外语的动机越强，就会学得越快。根据句意可知，只有D项意思与之相近，故该题选择D项正确。2. 单选题If you hold on to a winning attitude, youll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.问题1选项A.influenceB.strengthC.outlookD.consequence【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。momentum表示“动量，动力”；A项influence“影响”，B项strength“力量，力气”，C项outlook“展望，态度，观点”，D项consequence“结果”。句意：如果你坚持一种必胜的态度，你就会做出更大的努力，也会创造积极的势头。根据句意可知B项正确。3. 单选题Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jefferson contended that the country should remain chiefly agricultural问题1选项A.inclinedB.struggledC.arguedD.competed【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。contend表示“主张，斗争”；A项incline“倾向于”，B项struggle“奋斗，斗争”，C项argue“争论，辩论”，D项compete“竞争，比赛”。句意：汉密尔顿希望国家是由城市组成的，而杰斐逊则主张国家应以农业为主。根据句意可知，选择C项正确。4. 单选题Patients are expected to comply with doctors instructions for quick recovery.问题1选项A.improve onB.abide byC.draw uponD.reflect on【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。comply with表示“遵守，照做”；A项improve on“改进，对加以改良”，B项abide by“遵守，信守”，C项draw upon“利用，开出”，D项reflect on“思考，反省”。句意：希望病人遵照医生的指示尽快恢复。根据句意可知B项正确。5. 单选题Wheat yield in Europe is highly sensitive to natural variability in temperature and rainfall. In these simulations, climate change alone by 2050 results in significant increases in yield under both scenarios only in three northern European countries. But adding estimated effects of higher CO2 concentrations on plant growth increases that yields considerably, with yield increases now being significant in all of the ten countries included in the study. Whether such increases due to higher CO2 concentration would actually be realized is uncertain, because of problems in extrapolating from idealized laboratory and modeling results to field conditions.The clear message of this work is that greater efforts are needed to take account of the “noise” of natural climate variability when considering the “signal” of climate change. In particular, care must be taken in interpreting the results of impact assessments, especially those which use climate simulations over short periods only.Much more remains to be done. For example, the use of simulated monthly climate data by Hulme et al, even when interpolated to daily data by statistical methods, leaves open the possibility of systematic changes in day-to-day variability and extremes due to climate change. These could well dominate the effects of climate change on both river flow and wheat yield. Taking them into account will require the analysis of daily output from the climate models, especially at fine spatial resolution.More importantly, in understanding the message from Hulme et al, we need to distinguish between confidence levels used for the detectability of simulated or real impacts due to climate change, and those needed to decide if the information about possible future impacts is useful for decision-makers. Detectability, used as evidence of climate change, arguably requires a high level of confidence, say, at the 95% or 99% level. On the other hand, if we take it as a given that climate change is occurring, and we are seeking useful advice as to what the consequences might be, a lower level of confidence may suffice.Studies of the length of a data set is necessary to detect a real change in the mean against a background of variability, for example for detection of trends in total ozone or river flow, indicate that even if the change is real, it may need to have happened for decades before it can be shown statistically to have occurred. In cases such as estimation of flood frequency and of the occurrence of moisture stress in crops, what is needed to identify future “dangerous” levels of climate change, or to plan adaptation measures, is an estimate of changes in the probability of such effects before they happen.1. According to the study, high wheat yields in Europe most significantly need（ ）.2. A high level of confidence is needed when we（ ）.3. To identify the possible future impacts of climate change, scientists（ ）.4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?5. What can we learn from the last paragraph?问题1选项A.higher temperaturetB.heavy rainfalltC.higher CO2 concentrationstD.natural climate changet问题2选项A.take it as a given that climate change is occurringtB.use “detectability” as an evidence of climate changetC.decide if the information is useful for decision-makerstD.estimate the scope of wheat yields increasest问题3选项A.only need an idealized laboratorytB.may spend years to obtain and analyze valid statistical evidencetC.plan adaptation measures after the change occurstD.set new cli