2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 填空题There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school Ihave taught has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. A B C D【答案】C have taught改为have taught in【解析】【考查点】从句。【解题思路】I have taught是修饰school的定语从句，从句的完整句子为I have taught in school，当school作为先行词放于从句之前时，介词应该保留，因此C部分应为have taught in。【句意】家长们普遍认为学校不再重视拼写。我所任教的学校从来没有忽视过拼写，或认为拼写是一项基本技能，根本不重要。2. 单选题As more and more African Americans moved away from segregated housing, they had less connection to the vernacular and more occasion to speak standard American English.问题1选项A.restrictedB.isolatedC.outdatedD.exhausted【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. restricted 限制，限定（数量、范围等） B. isolated （使）隔离，孤立C. outdated （新东西）使过时 D. exhausted 使筋疲力尽【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】segregated的意思为“隔离并区别对待（不同种族、宗教或性别的人）”，这里指的是这些房屋和其他地方是隔离开的，非裔美国人就住在这片区域，isolated与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】随着越来越多的非裔美国人搬离被隔开的住房，他们与当地方言的联系越来越少，在更多场合中说标准的美式英语。3. 单选题The November 17-day coal strike, which was terminated December 7, brought about a general business and production paralysis at the close of the year.问题1选项A.worsenedB.discontinuedC.denouncedD.hindered【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. worsened 变得更糟，恶化 B. discontinued 停止，终止C. denounced 谴责，指责 D. hindered 阻碍，妨碍【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】terminated的意思为“（使）停止，结束”，指的是罢工进行了17天后才结束，discontinued与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】去年12月7日结束的17天煤矿罢工，在年底造成了企业和生产的全面瘫痪。4. 填空题While Mexicos overall economic _ showed an increase in foreign trade after the institution of NAFTA, real wages continued to fall throughout the country and poverty rates remained constant. (indicate)【答案】indicators【解析】【考查点】名词。【解题思路】showed是句子的谓语动词，Mexicos overall economic _是句子的主语，economic为形容词，所以横线所在内容应为名词；economic indicators的意思为“经济指标”，符合语境。【句意】虽然墨西哥的总体经济指标显示，在北美自由贸易协定建立后，对外贸易有所增长，但全国各地的实际工资继续下降，贫困率保持不变。5. 单选题A program to deregulate the economy involved the removal of many legal and governmental restrictions that were regarded as hindrances to free competition.问题1选项A.stimuliB.phasesC.parametersD.obstacles【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. stimuli 促进因素，激励因素，刺激物 B. phases 阶段，时期C. parameters 决定因素，规范 D. obstacles 阻碍，绊脚石【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】hindrances的意思为“造成妨碍的人（或事物）”，指的是阻碍自由竞争的法律和政策，obstacles与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。【句意】解除经济管制的计划包括取消许多视为阻碍自由竞争的法律和政策限制。6. 单选题The physical devastation caused by the Civil War, the freeing of the slaves, and the chaos of the Reconstruction era had ruinous effects on Mississippis economy.问题1选项A.impactB.disorderC.offenceD.folly【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. impact 巨大影响，强大作用 B. disorder 杂乱，混乱C. offence 犯罪，罪行 D. folly 愚笨，愚蠢的想法（或事情、行为）【答案】B【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】chaos的意思为“混乱，杂乱”，指的是重建时期的混乱，disorder与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】南北战争造成的物质破坏，奴隶解放和重建时期的混乱给密西西比的经济带来了毁灭性的影响。7. 填空题The 18th-century Geneva-born philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau promoted a(n) _ view of education that emphasized the importance of individual self-expression. (influence)【答案】influential【解析】【考查点】形容词。【解题思路】根据横线前的a(n)和横线后的view，可知横线处为形容词，用来形容view。influential的意思为“有很大影响的”，符合语境，指的是卢梭的教育观对世界影响很大。【句意】18世纪日内瓦出生的哲学家卢梭提出了一种有影响力的教育观，即强调个人自我表达的重要性。8. 填空题Too often we believe what accounts for others success is some special secret or a lucky break. But rarely success is so mysterious. A B C D【答案】D success is改为is success【解析】【考查点】倒装。【解题思路】表示否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时，用部分倒装，句子的一般陈述句语序为success is so mysterious，此时is应该提前，因此D部分应为is success。【句意】我们常常相信别人的成功是某种特殊的秘密或幸运的突破。但成功很少如此神秘。9. 填空题Those Asian Americans whose families have been living in the United States for several generations resent to be singled out and stereotyped as part of a supermajority. They feel that their achievements are only comparable to what other A B C Dimmigrant groups have done in the past.【答案】B to be singled out改为being singled out【解析】【考查点】动词。【解题思路】根据短语resent doing sth.确定此处应为being singled out。【句意】那些已经在美国生活了好几代的亚裔美国人愤恨被孤立出来，并被定义为绝大多数的一部分。他们觉得自己的成就只能与其他移民群体过去的成就相媲美。10. 填空题Much of wh