2014年4月16日马塘镇英语教研活动英语基本句型复习课教案初中英语基本句型复习课江苏省如东县实验中学 周俊梅Step 1: 开篇语 主、谓、宾、定、状、补，这些都是构成句子的重要成分，本堂课我将用五张表格来总结、概括初中英语的五种基本句型，通过“找中心，观前后”的“定位法”帮你迅速划分句子成分，摆脱传统英语学习误区，让你从此对于句型认知不犯难。Step 2:复习基本概念主语 Subject表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，也就是动作的发出者，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词、代词的词或短语等充当。谓语 Predicate 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”， 也就是做了什么行为动作或处于什么状态，谓语部分的主要词是动词宾语Object 表示动作、行为的对象，也就是动作的接受者，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词、代词的词或短语等充当。 宾语又分为直接宾语和间接宾语两类，直接宾语多指物，间接宾语多指人表语 Predicative表示主语是什么（身份）或者怎么样（处于什么状态）及物动词 及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词，如see/ hear/ drink/ eat 等1. I saw him last week.2. We heard the bad news just now.3. They eat bread every morning.4. He drank a glass of milk a moment ago. 不及物动词 本身意义完整，后面不需要跟宾语的实义动词叫做不及物动词； 不及物动词是后面不能直接跟宾语的动词，如smile/laugh/look/listen/； She smiled happily. They laughed loudly. 如果需要加宾语，就要靠一个介词来帮助 She looked at the blackboard carefully. He listened to his teacher in class. They laughed at us after the match.Step 3: 简单句(Simple Sentences)的五种基本句型 简单句就是只包含一个主、谓结构的句子。英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由五种基本句型组合、扩展变化而来的，只要把这些基本句型弄清楚，你就会有人游刃有余。 基本句型一: 主+谓结构 SV （主+谓） Time fliesThe sun rises The man cooked Everybody laughed 该句型中的动词是不及物动词，能表达完整意思，主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语 如：The (red) sun rises in the east. “主+谓”构成的简单句中，谓语动词均为不及物动词，在不同的语境中含有不同的时态变化S V(不及物动词)1.Time flies.2. The moon rises.3. The man cooked.4. We all eat and drink.5.Everybody laughed.6. I woke7. They talked for half an hour.8. He walked yesterday.9. He is playing.10.They have gone. Practise: Make sentences(主谓结构)1. The worker ran fast.2. The doctor listened carefully.3. The duck is swimming,4. The woman walks slowly.基本句型二:主+系+表结构S+ V+ P(主+系+表)1He istall and strong. 2. The dinner smellsgood. 3.The weather became warmer. 此句型中谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语才能表达完整的意思 连系动词有三类1 表示特征和存在状态的：be（是）, seem（好像/似乎是）, appear（出现）, feel, look, smell, sound, taste;（五个感官动词）2 表状态延续的： remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;（保持/继续）3 表状态变化的：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow（变得） Practise: Make sentences(主系表结构) 主语 + 连系动词 + 表语1. He is a boy.2. She is a girl.3. They are students.4. They are good.5. He looks/ seems ill.6. The apple tastes nice.7. Trees turn green.8. Your idea sounds good. 基本句型三：主+谓+宾结构 S V（及物动词） O（宾语）（S+V+O）1. Who knows the answer.(名词)2. She laughs at her.（代词）3. I want to have a cup of tea.（不定式）4. I dont know what to do.(疑问词+不定式)5. I enjoy living here.（动名词） 在“主+谓+宾”句型结构中，谓语动词为及物动词，必须跟一个宾语，才能使意思完整，且宾语形式多样化。而宾语形式多样化又使这一结构异常复杂。 Practise: Make sentences(主谓宾结构)1. She understands English.2. He made cakes.3. They ate some apples.4. He said “Good morning”.基本句型四：主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语的结构S V（及物动词） IO (多指人) DO (多指物)1. Ishowedhimmy photos.2. Heboughtmea beautiful skirt. 此句型中的谓语动词必须有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思，这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者(多指物)，另一个是动作的间接承受者(多指人)。若要先说出直接宾语，后说间接宾语，则要借助于介词to或for.He bought me a beautiful skirt.=He bought a beautiful skirt for me.用to侧重指动作方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人；用for侧重指动作的收益者，表示为了某人、替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：需借助to的 bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell. write, ask 等需借助for的 buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing 等Practise: Make sentences （主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语的结构）S + V(及物) + IO(多指人) + DO(多指物) 1. She paid him a new dress. 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 3. He bought you a dictionary. 4.He told me how to run the machine.基本句型五：主+谓+宾语+宾语补语 S V(及物)O（宾语） C（宾补）1. We keep the table clean2. They call supper dinner3. We asked himto come back soon4. I saw themgetting on the bus此句型中谓语动词除了跟一个宾语外，还需要跟一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整He told me to clean my room.Our teacher asks us to read English every day.Practise:A: Make sentences(主谓宾+宾补结构)1. They pained the door green.2. We found the house dirty.3. We saw him out.4. Who made him sad?B: 连词成句1. I found him lying in bed.hear/ cry/ next doornotice/ thief/ steal/ housefeel/ building/ shakesee/ trees/ plant/ mountain2. I asked him to do his homework. He/ teach/ pupils/ speak / English She/ advise/ him/ listen/ every day She/ allow/ me/ use/ dictionary3. She thinks it right for her to do so.consider/wrongfind/ difficultthink/ a good idea注意：用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，是英语常用句型即主+谓+it+宾补+真正宾语I found it very pleasant to be with your family.常用此句型的动词有 think/ believe/ consider/ suppose/ find/ feel/ make Practise:使用it作形式宾语翻译下列句子1他感到很难跟你交流。2我发现学习英语非常有趣。 Step 4:判断下列句子属于哪种句型 提示：把其它