2022年考博英语-武汉大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Defenders of special protective labor legislation for women often maintain that eliminating such laws would destroy the fruits of a century long struggle for the protection of women workers. Even a brief examination of the historic practice of courts and employers would show that the fruit of such laws has been bitter: they are, in practice, more of a curse than a blessing.Sex-defined protective laws have often been based on stereotypical assumptions concerning womens needs and abilities and employers have frequently used them as legal excuses for discriminating against women. After World War II, for instance, businesses and government sought to persuade women to vacate jobs in factories, thus making room in the labor force for returning veterans. The revival or passage of state laws limiting the daily or weekly work hours of women conveniently accomplished this. Employers had only to declare that overtime hours were a necessary condition of employment or promotion in their factory, and women could be quite legally fired, refused jobs, or kept at low wage levels, all in the name of “protecting” their health. By validating such laws when they are challenged by lawsuits, the courts have conspired over the years in establishing different less advantageous employment terms for womens competitiveness on the job market. At the same time, even the most well-intentioned lawmakers, courts and employers have often been blind to the real needs of women. The lawmakers and the courts continue to permit employers to offer employee health insurance plans that cover all known human medical disabilities except those relating to pregnancy and childbirth.Finally, labor laws protecting only special groups are often ineffective at protecting the workers who are actually in the workplace. Some chemicals, for example, pose reproductive risks for women of childbearing years; manufacturers using the chemicals comply with laws protecting women against these hazards by refusing to hire them. Thus the sex-defined legislation protects the hypothetical female worker, but has no effect whatever on the safety of any actual employee. The health risks to male employees in such industries cant be negligible, since chemicals toxic enough to cause birth defects in fetuses in women are presumably harmful to the human metabolism. Protective laws aimed at changing production materials or techniques in order to reduce such hazards would benefit all employees without discriminating against any.In sum, protective labor laws for women are discriminatory and do not meet their intended purpose. Legislators should recognize that women are in the work force to stay and that their needsgood health care, a decent wage, and a safe workplaceare the needs of all workers. Laws that ignore these facts violate womens rights for equal protection in employment.9. According to the author, which is most helpful in deciding the value of special protective labor legislation for women?10. Special labor laws protecting women workers tend to（ ）.11. It can be inferred that many employee health insurance plans（ ）.12. A shortcoming of protective labor laws that single out a particular group of workers for protection is（ ）.问题1选项A.An estimate of the number of women workers in favor of such laws.B.An analysis of the cost to employers of compliance with such laws.C.A survey of the actual effects such laws have had on women workers.D.A consideration of the real intentions held by the advocates of such laws.问题2选项A.make it less likely that women will be employedB.have little impact of any kind on women workersC.modify the stereotypes that employers often hold concerning womenD.increase the likelihood that employers deny women disability plans问题3选项A.meet minimum legal requirementsB.lack the special provisions for women workersC.cover only some common medical conditions affecting womenD.pay the medical costs associated with pregnancy and childbirth问题4选项A.such laws are often too weak to be effective at protecting the group in questionB.employers compliance with such laws results in increased tension among workersC.such laws exert no pressure on employers to eliminate hazards in the workplaceD.compliance with such laws is often costly for employers concerned【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C【解析】9.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Even a brief examination of the historic practice of courts and employers would show that the fruit of such laws has been bitter: they are, in practice, more of a curse than a blessing.（即使对法院和雇主的历史实践进行简单的考察，也会发现这些法律的结果是苦涩的：在实践中，它们更多的是诅咒而不是祝福。），说明调查这些法律的实际影响是最有助于决定妇女特殊劳动保护法的价值的。因此C选项“调查这类法律对女工的实际影响”正确。A选项“对赞成这种法律的女工人数的估计”，B选项“对雇主遵守这类法律的成本的分析”，D选项“对这类法律的倡导者所持的真实意图的思考”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。10.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句Finally, labor laws protecting only special groups are often ine