2022年考博英语-山东大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Endangered species are plants and animals that are in immediate danger of extinction. Extinction is actually a normal process in the course of evolution. Since the formation of the earth, many more species have become extinct than those exist today. These species slowly disappeared because of changes of climate and their failure to adapt to such conditions as competition and predation （捕食）.Since the 1600s, however, the process of extinction has greatly accelerated as a result of both human population growth and technological encroachment （侵犯）on natural ecology systems. Today the majority of the worlds environments are changing faster than the ability of most species to adapt to such changes through natural selection.Species become extinct or endangered for a number of reasons, but the primary cause is the destruction of natural habitats （栖息地）.Drainage of wetlands （沼泽地），cutting and clearing of forests, growth of cities, and highway and dam construction have seriously reduced available natural habitats. As the various surroundings become fragments, the remaining animal populations crowd into smaller areas, causing further destruction of natural surroundings. Species in these small islands lose contact with other populations of their own kind, thus reducing their genetic variation and making them less adaptable to environment changes.Since the 1600s, commercial exploitation of animals for food and other products has caused many species to become extinct or endangered. Introduced diseases and parasites have also greatly reduced some species. Pollution is another important cause of their extinction.Some private and governmental efforts have been organized to save declining species. Laws were made in some countries in the early 1900s to protect wild animals from commercial trade and killing. International endeavors are shown in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, approved by 51 nations. Its purpose is to restrict exploitation of wild animals and plants by regulating and restricting trade in certain species. How effective such laws will be in various countries, however, depends on enforcement （实施）and support by the people and the courts. Because of a lack of law enforcement, the willingness of some segments of society to trade in endangered species, the activities of people who catch and kill animals illegally and dealers who supply the trade, the future of many species is in doubt in spite of legal protection.1.According to the passage, which of the following is the most important factor causing the rapid extinction of man species since the 17th century?2.In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the word “islands” refers to_.3.This passage mentions all of the following reasons that cause the extinction of man species except_.4.According to the passage, which of the following is most important in saving declining species?5.How does the author feel about the prospect of protecting endangered species from being extinct?问题1选项A.Human beings are not aware of the importance of preserving endangered species.B.Some endangered species have already reached the end of their life span in evolution.C.The development of human society has greatly affected natural ecology systems.D.The worlds climate has changed so greatly that most species cannot survive.问题2选项A.the lands that are completely surrounded by waterB.the wild animals breeding grounds protected by lawC.the pieces of land separated by modem buildings and roadsD.the small and isolated areas inhabited by certain species问题3选项A.natural selection of speciesB.various natural disastersC.commercial trade and killingD.destruction of natural surroundings问题4选项A.Governments should make some laws to protect endangered species.B.People should pay more attention to the protection of natural surroundings.C.Relevant laws must be made and enforced with the support of the people.D.Some organizations should warn people not to trade in endangered animals.问题5选项A.Worried.B.Optimistic.C.Indifferent.D.Confident.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段第五句，“the process of extinction has greatly accelerated as a result of both human population growth and technological encroachment on natural ecology systems.”，可知灭绝速度加快的原因是人类人口的增长和科学技术对自然生态系统的侵犯。选项C符合题意。2.语义题。根据第二段第三句，“As the various surroundings become fragments, the remaining animal populations crowd into smaller areas”，可知环境变成了碎片，剩下的动物聚集在更小的区域里，下文的small islands就是指这些区域。根据“Species in these small islands lose contact with other populations of their own kind”，可知生活在这个小区域里的物种与其他同类中种群失去了联系。所以是孤立的。选项D符合题意。3.细节理解题。考查对物种灭绝的原因的理解。根据文章第一段第一句，“a normal process in the course of evolution”，可知物种灭绝是进化中的一个正常过程，选项A可排除。根据第二段第一句，“the destruction of natural habitats”，栖息地的破坏也是物种灭绝的原因，选项D可排除。根据文章最后一段第二句，