2022年考博英语-重庆大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 案例题Complete these sentences below.USE NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.1. Solving the Morris worm was difficult because the repair method was sent（ ）and therefore useless.2. The teenager who hacked into Bell Atlantic would get a maximum prison sentence of（ ）if he committed the same crime now.3. Some hackers are scared that government authorities could now consider them to be（ ）.4. One disadvantage of（ ）is that they can make a company feel protected from attack even though the system is not perfect.【答案】1.via E-mail2.two years3.terrorists4.fire wall【解析】1.根据文章第三段，“However, the fixes were to be distributed via E-mail and so the solution was self-defeating.”，可知修复程序将通过电子邮件分发，因此解决方案是弄巧成拙的。2.根据文章第五段，“In 1997, a teenager hacked into a Bell Atlantic networkAnd what was the punishment for this offence? Two years probation community service and a fine of $US 5,000.”，可知入侵贝尔大西洋的少年如果现在再犯同样的罪行，他将面临2年的监禁。3.根据文章第六段，“This has pushed some hackers further underground, fearful that what they had previously been doing out of boredom or challenge could now be viewed as an act of terrorism.”，可知这将一些黑客推向了更深的深渊，他们担心以前无论是出于无聊或挑战而做的事情，现在可能被视为恐怖主义行为。可判断出他们担心政府把他们视为恐怖分子。4.根据文章倒数第二段，“It is true that these firewalls have a number of advantages, nevertheless, they should not be seen as a panacea to all IS security woes, merely an enhancement.”，可知这些防火墙有许多优点，但它们不应被视为解决所有安全问题的万能药，而仅仅是一种增强。可判断出防火墙的缺陷之一是：尽管系统不完善，公司也会感觉到被保护而免遭侵害。2. 单选题GREYING POPULATION STAYS IN THE PINKElderly people are growing healthier, happier and more independent, say American scientists. The results of a 14-year study to be announced later this month reveal that the diseases associated with old age are afflicting fewer and fewer people and when they do strike, it is much later in life.In the last 14 years, the National long-term Health Care Survey has gathered data on the health and lifestyles of more than 20,000 men and women over 65. Researchers, now analyzing the results of data gathered in 1994, say arthritis, high blood pressure and circulation problems the major medical complaints in this age group are troubling a smaller proportion every year. And the data confirms that the rate at which these diseases are declining continues to accelerate. Other diseases of old age dementia, stroke, arteriosclerosis and emphysema are also troubling fewer and fewer people.It really raises the question of what should be considered normal ageing, says Kenneth Manton, a demographer from Duke University in North Carolina. He says the problems doctors accepted as normal in a 65-year-old in 1982 are often not appearing until people are 70 or 75.Clearly, certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances. But there may be other contributing factors. Improvements in childhood nutrition in the first quarter of the twentieth century, for example, gave todays elderly people a better start in life than their predecessors.On the downside, the data also reveals failures in public health that have caused surges in some illnesses. An increase in some cancers and bronchitis may reflect changing smoking habits and poorer air quality, say the researchers. These may be subtle influences, says Manton, but our subjects have been exposed to worse and worse pollution for over 60 years. Its not surprising we see some effect.One interesting correlation Manton uncovered is that better-educated people are likely to live longer. For example, 65-year-old women with fewer than eight years of schooling are expected, on average, to live to 82. Those who continued their education live an extra seven years. Although some of this can be attributed to a higher income, Manton believes it is mainly because educated people seek more medical attention.The survey also assessed how independent people over 65 were, and again found a striking trend. Almost 80% of those in the 1994 survey could complete everyday activities ranging from eating and dressing unaided to complex tasks such as cooking and managing their finances. That represents a significant drop in the number of disabled old people in the population. If the trends apparent in the United States 14 years ago had continued, researchers calculate there would be an additional one million disabled elderly people in today population. According to Manton, slowing the trend has saved the United States governments Medicare system more than $200 billion, suggesting that the greying of Americas population may prove less of a financial burden than expected.The increasing self-reliance of many elderly people is probably linked to a massive increase in the use of simple home medical aids. For instance, the use of raised toilet seats has more than doubled since the start of the study, and the use of bath seats has grown by more than 50%. These developments also bring some health benefits, according to a report from the MacArthur Foundation