专才通才类：SampleIssueTopicInourtime,specialistsofallkindsarehighlyover-rated.Weneedmoregeneralistspeoplewhocanprovidebroadperspectives.Inthiseraofrapidsocialandtechnologicalchangeleadingtoincreasinglifecomplexityandpsychologicaldisplacement,bothpositiveandnegativeeffectsamongpersonsinWesternsocietycallforabalanceinwhichtherearebothspecialistsandgeneralists.Specialistsarenecessaryinordertoallowsocietyasawholetoproperlyandusefullyassimilatethemassesofnewinformationandknowledgethathavecomeoutofresearchandhavebeenwidelydisseminatedthroughmassglobalmedia.AstheheadofPharmacologyatmyuniversityoncesaid(andIparaphrase):IcanonlyresearchwhatIdobecausetherearesomanywhohavecomebeforemetowhomIcanturnforbasicknowledge.Itisonlybecauseofeachofthenarrowlyfocusedindividualsateachstepthatafullandtrueunderstandingofthecomplexitiesoflifecanbehad.Eachpersoncanonlyholdenoughknowledgetoaddonesmallrungtotheladder,buttogetherwecanclimbtothemoon.Thisillustratesthepointthatoursocietieslevelofknowledgeandtechnologyisatastageinwhichtheresimplymustbespecialistsinorderforoursocietytotakeadvantageoftheinformationavailabletous.Simplyput,withoutspecialists,oursocietywouldfinditselfboggeddownintheSargassoseaofinformationoverload.Whileitwasfineforearlyphysiciststolearnandunderstandthefewlawsandideasthatexistedduringtheirtimes,now,nooneindividualcanpossiblydigestandassimilatealloftheknowledgeinanygivenarea.Ontheotherhand,Overspecializationmeansnarrowfociinwhichpeoplecanlosethelargerpicture.Noonecanhopetounderstandthehumanbodybyonlyinspectingonesowntoe-nails.Whatwelearnfromanarrowfocusmaybeinternallylogicallycoherentbutmaybeirrelevantorfallaciouswithintheframeworkofabroaderperspective.Further,ifweinspectonlyourtoe-nails,wemayconcludethatthewholebodyishardandwhite.Usefulconclusionsandthusperhapsusefulinventionsmustcomebysharingamongspecialists.Simplythrowingoutvariousdiscoveriesmeanswehaveapileofuselessdiscoveries,itisonlywhenonecanmakewiththemamosaicthatwecanseethattheymayformapicture.Notonlymayover-specializationbedangerousintermsofthetruth,purityandcohesionofknowledge,butitcanalsoservetodrownmoraloruniversalissues.Generalistsandonlygeneralistscanseeabroadenoughpicturetorealizeandintroducetotheworldtheproblemsoftheenvironment.Withspecialization,eachpersonfocusesontheirresearchandtheirgoals.Thus,industrialization,expansion,andnewtechnologiesaredrivenahead.Meanwhilenoindividualcanseetheholisticviewofourglobalexistenceinwhichtrueadvancementmaymeanstiflingindividualspecialistsforthegreatergoodofall.Finally,over-specializationinapeoplesdailylivesandjobshasmeantpersonalandpsychologicalcompartmentalization.Peopleareforcedintopigeonholesearlyinlife(atleastbyuniversity)andmustconsciouslyattempttoconsumeexternalformsofstimuliandinformationinordernottobelostintheirsmallandisolateduniverse.Notonlydoesthismakefornarrowlyfocusedandgenerallypoorly-educatedindividuals,butitguaranteesasenseoflossofcommunity,oftenfollowedbyafeelingofpsychologicaldisplacementandpersonaldissatisfaction.Withoutgeneralists,societybecomesinward-lookingandeventuallyinefficient.Withoutasocietythatrecognizestheimportanceofbroad-mindednessandforsharinggeneralities,individualsbecomeisolated.Thus,whileourformofsocietynecessitatesspecialists,generalistsareequallyimportant.Specialistsdriveusforwardinaseriesofthrustswhilegeneralistsmakesurewearestillonthejoustingfieldandknowwhatthestakesare.