Part B Reading PracticeChinas Nuclear Industry: Its Past and FutureMilestonemailstun里程碑The discovery of natural radiation in 1896 marked a new milestone in modern science and technology. Since then, great development has been achieved in nuclear science and technology and the nuclear industry. The transition from fundamental theory research to applied technology research and from the military use to the peaceful use of nuclear energy has also taken place. Today, nuclear technology has penetrated into all fields. It is widely used in economic construction, scientific research and social life and the benefit it brings about is significant. A large network of nuclear industrial production and international trade has now been formed all over the world. China started to develop its nuclear industry in 1955. In the past 35 years, mainly relying on our own effort, we have established a fairly completed system ranging from uranium geology and exploration, uranium mining and processing, nuclear fuel production, reprocessing of spent Isotope aistup同位素fuel elements, development of nuclear weapons, and the peaceful use of nuclear energy, isotopes and nuclear technology. The system also includes research on nuclear science, engineering design, industrial construction, personnel training, etc. Our nuclear industry has grown into a considerable size and is armed with a team of well-qualified and enthusiastic technical workers and staff. All these formed a sound foundation for future development of Chinas nuclear industry.hegemonist higemmst霸权主义者blackmail blkmeil敲诈，讹诈bully buli vt.恐吓, 威胁, 欺负Chinas nuclear industry, as in developed countries, grew out in national defence. After the birth of nuclear weapons in the world, China had no choice but to start its own research and development of nuclear weapons so that it would not be bullied by any nuclear monopoly and blackmail policies or become powerless in case a nuclear war was launched by the hegemonists. So far, Chinas success in producing atom bomb and thermonuclear weapons has attracted attention throughout the world.The Chinese government has laid down new principles for the development of the nuclear industry, i.e. to place the emphasis of the industry on national economic construction and improvement of peoples life. Epochi:pk时期, 时代, 新纪元Chinas nuclear industry has therefore enters a new historic epoch.GW=gigawattdaigwt十亿瓦特To improve the national economy and peoples life, the first thing to do is to develop and use nuclear energy in order to provide new energy sources for the country. Secondly, isotope and nuclear technology will be applied extensively in various sectors of the national economy to improve existing techniques, increase production, upgrade product quality and economic benefit. China plans to achieve a nuclear installed capacity of up to 10 GW by the end of this century by importing technology and equipment while making full use of our own facilities. The Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant with an installed capacity of 300 MWe in Haiyan County, Zhejiang Province, is being built. We are also taking part in project involving the construction of large-sized nuclear power plants with foreign assistance, including the nuclear power station with two 900-MWe unit being built in Daya Bay, Guangdong Province. More nuclear power plants will be built in the east and northeast of china. As far as the application of isotope and nuclear technology is concerned, considerable progress has been irradiation breeding 放射育种made. Techniques such as irradiation breeding, radiological analysis, radiochemical processing and radiation instrumentation have been in extensive use and have already achieved significant results.Although much success has been achieved in the construction of the nuclear industry in China, when compared with advanced countries, we still have a long way to go. We are ready to develop extensive co-operation with friendly countries in any field of the nuclear and nuclear science and technology. The technical and economic co-operation in the nuclear industry between China and foreign countries has a bright future.ExerciseAnswer the questions:1) What marked a new milestone in modern science and technology?2) When did China start to develop its nuclear industry?3) What principles has our government laid down for the development of the nuclear industry?4) Why are we ready to develop extensive co-operation with friendly countries in any field of the nuclear industry? Could you give an example?