2022年考博英语-南京大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The sheer diversity of tropical plants represents a seemingly （ ） source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized.问题1选项A.exploitedB.controversialC.inexhaustibleD.remarkable【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。exploited “被利用的”；controversial “有争议的”；inexhaustible “无穷无尽的”；remarkable “卓越的，非凡的”。句意：热带植物的多样性代表了似乎用之不竭的原材料，其中只有少部分被利用了。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题No president who performs his duties faithfully and （ ） can have any leisure.问题1选项A.consistentlyB.conscientiouslyC.nervouslyD.piously【答案】B【解析】形近异义词辨析。consistently “一贯地，一致地”；conscientiously “良心上，切实”；nervously “紧张地”；piously “虔诚地”。句意：所有忠诚一如既往坚持职责的主席都不会有空闲时间。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题Grain production in the world is （ ）, but still millions go hungry.问题1选项A.staggeringB.shrinkingC.soaringD.suspending【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。stagger “蹒跚，使交错”；shrink “收缩”；suspend“延缓，推迟”，soar “高涨”。句意：世界的粮食产量正在上涨，但是成百万人仍在挨饿。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题The music aroused an（ ） feeling of homesickness in him.问题1选项A.intentionalB.intermittentC.intenseD.intrinsic【答案】C【解析】考查形近异义词义辨析。intentional “故意的”；intermittent“间歇的，断断续续的”；intense “强烈的”；intrinsic “本质的，固有的”。句意：这首音乐使他产生了强烈的思乡情怀。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题The（ ）of computer technology has led to major changes in our social and family life.问题1选项A.fraudulenceB.arrivalC.dawnD.advent【答案】D【解析】名词词义解析。fraudulence “欺诈性”；arrival “到达”；dawn “黎明，开端”；advent “到来，出现”。句意：计算机技术的到来对我们的社会和家庭生活带来了主要的影响。选项D符合题意。6. 单选题The gap between what we know and all that can be known seems not to（ ）, but rather to increase with every new discovery.问题1选项A.clarifyB.eliminateC.diminishD.extinguish【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。clarify “澄清，阐明”；eliminate “消除，淘汰”；diminish “减少，贬低”；extinguish “熄灭，使破灭”。句意：我们知道的事情和未知的事情之间的间距似乎没有减少，反而随着新事物的发现而增加了。选项C符合题意。7. 单选题Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of perspective. Satire rarely offers original ideas. Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form. Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies. What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful, or affected. Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values that we unquestionably accept are false. Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd； Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism. None of these ideas is original. Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley, and people were aware of famine before Swift. It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression, the satire method, that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive. They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense briskness they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions. With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous combination, and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude.Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived because the readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth, though rarely to any action on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media is hypocritical, sentimental, and only partially true. Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it. Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies attribute to them, nor do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity. Intelligent people know these things but lend lo forget them when they do not hear them expressed.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.Why does the author mention Don Quixote, Brave New World and A Modest proposal in the first paragraph?3.Which of the following can be found in satiric literature?4.According to the passage, there is a need for satire because people need to be（ ）问题1选项A.Difficulties of writing satiric literature.B.Popular topics of satire.C.New philosophies emerging from satiric literature.D.Reasons for the popularity of satire.问题2选项A.They are famous examples of satiric literature.B.They present commonsense solutions to problems.C.They are appropriate for readers of all ages.D.They are books with similar stories.问题3选项A.Newly emerging philosophies.B.Odd combination of objects and ideas.C.Abstract discussion of morals and e