2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题At last she left her house and hurried to the airport only _ the plane flying away.问题1选项A.sawB.seenC.seeingD.to see【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：最后她离开了家，匆忙赶往机场，却只看见飞机飞走了。only+现在分词（短语）和only+不定式（短语）都可作结果状语，跟现在分词往往表示一种自然的合乎逻辑的结果，而跟不定式往往表示一种出乎意料的或令人失望的结果，仅限于少数终止性动词，如find，hear，learn，make，see等。only到句尾部分是结果状语，匆忙赶往机场却未能如愿登机，是令人失望的结果，D选项to see符合题意。A选项saw是一般过去时，作谓语动词，不作非谓语动词；B选项seen是过去分词，不单独使用；C选项only seeing表示合乎逻辑的结果，含有意料之中的意思，不存在失望的情况，不符合语境。因此D选项正确。2. 单选题Many years had（ ） before they returned to their original urban areas.问题1选项A.floatedB.elapsedC.precededD.proceeded【答案】B【解析】float漂流；elapse时间流逝；precede领先，在之前；proceed开始，继续进行。句意：许多年过去了，他们才回到原来的城市。这里指时间流逝，所以选项B正确。3. 单选题We watch the（ ）of the parachutes all the way from the aircraft to the ground.问题1选项A.declineB.spiralC.descentD.sink【答案】C【解析】decline衰落；spiral螺旋上升；descend下降；sink下沉，渗透。根据句意可知，降落伞是从飞机上降落到地上，所以选项C符合句意。4. 单选题War may be a natural expression of biological instinct and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innate survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation, that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to their existence. But, no the other hand, human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior. In the case of human aggression, violence cannot be simply reduced to an instinct. The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function. It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical (道德上的)patterns within which human violence has been directed.The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The more developed a legal system becomes, the more responsibility society takes for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffuses. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment. In a state controlled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility for their protection.The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combat to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment, allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. Times of war test a communitys deepest religious and ethical commitments.1.Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that（ ）.2.The function of legal systems, according to the passage is（ ）.3.What does the author mean by saying “.in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused” (Lines 5-6, Para 2)?4.The world “allegiance” (Line 5, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to（ ）.5.What can we learn from the last paragraph?问题1选项A.it threatens the existing social systemsB.it is influenced by societyC.it has roots in religious conflictsD.it is directed against institutions of law问题2选项A.to control violence within a societyB.to protect the world from chaosC.to free society from the idea of revengeD.to give the government absolute power.问题3选项A.Legal systems greatly reduce the possibilities of physical violence.B.Offenses against individuals are no longer judged on a personal basis.C.Victims of violence fond it more difficult to take revenge.D.Punishment is not dried out directly by the individuals involved.问题4选项A.loyaltyB.objectiveC.survivalD.motive问题5选项A.Governments tend to abuse their supreme power in times of war.B.In times of war, governments may extend their power across national borders.C.In times of war, governments impose high religious and ethical standards on their people.D.Governments may sacrifice individuals in the interests of the state in times of war【答案】第1题:B第2题:A