2022年考博英语-中国科学院考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题he defect in Davids character has（ ）him from advancement in his career.问题1选项A.exemptedB.forbiddenC.underminedD.hindered【答案】D【解析】考察动词辨析。exempt “免除”；forbidden “禁止”；undermined “破坏”；hindered “阻碍”。句意为：大卫的性格缺陷阻碍了他的事业发展。选项D符合句意。2. 单选题Some wealthier people have not grown up caring for their siblings, cousins, nieces and nephews, and have no idea how to bathe or dress or _ a baby.问题1选项A.sootheB.slapC.swayD.scrub【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. soothe 安慰，抚慰 B. slap 掌击，拍击C. sway 摇摆，说服 D. scrub 擦洗，刷洗【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】have no idea是固定搭配，意为“不知道”，空格处和下文的“a baby（孩子）”构成动宾逻辑，表示不知道一些对待孩子的方法。or连接三个动词，说明空格处应该和“bathe（洗澡）、dress（穿衣）”类似，结合前半句句意“一些较富裕的人在成长过程中没有照顾过（caring for）他们的兄弟姐妹、堂兄弟姐妹、侄女和侄子”可知，此处说的是照顾孩子过程中的一些事项。soothe指使焦躁不安的人平静下来，在本句中指把哭闹的孩子哄安静，因此A选项soothe“安慰，抚慰”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】B选项slap“掌击，拍击”指用手掌打某人或某物，不能和“caring for（照顾）”相对应；C选项sway“摇摆，说服”指慢慢地从一边移动到另一边或使某人相信某事或做某事，不能和“caring for（照顾）”相对应；D选项scrub“擦洗，刷洗”指用力擦来清洗某物，不能和“baby（孩子）”进行搭配。【句意】一些较富裕的人在成长过程中没有照顾过他们的兄弟姐妹、堂兄弟姐妹、侄女和侄子，他们不知道如何给孩子洗澡、穿衣或哄孩子。3. 填空题A debate has erupted within medicine over how to ensure that physicians maintain their clinical skills throughout their careers. The American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) has long required internists to pass Maintenance of Certification exams every 10 years to keep their board-certified status. (71) In response, the ABIM announced it would offer a new assessment option starting in January 2018, allowing doctors to be recertified through shorter, but more frequent, assessments. (72) In fact, it raises a couple of important questions: Are assessments even the most effective way to incentivize doctors to keep up with the latest medical knowledge and new technologies? Why dont we directly measure physicians quality of care and patient outcomes as they grow older?While there is some evidence that physicians clinical knowledge, adherence with up-to-date standards of care, and performance on process measures may wane as they get older, little is known about whether and how age impacts physicians practice and their patient outcomes. (73) On the other hand, scientific knowledge, technology, and clinical guidelines change so regularly that keeping up with them and incorporating them into clinical practice can be overwhelming.As the physician workforce in the U. S. ages (approximately one-fifth of U.S. physicians are over 65 years old, and the size of the group has increased 27% since 2005), it becomes even more important to understand how physician age might relate to patient outcomes. (74)The relationship between physician age and patient outcomes has not been empirically studied at a large scale. (75) In our study, which was recently published in The BMJ, we found that U.S. Medicare patients treated by older physicians were more likely to die within 30 days of hospitalization, compared with patients treated by younger physiciansunless the older physicians were used to treating large numbers of patients each year.A. We found that patients treated by older physicians experienced statistically significantly higher mortality rates than patients cared for by younger physicians.B. This would help inform new efforts to educate older physicians and improve clinical outcomes.C. However, this policy has recently come under scrutiny due to its high burden to doctors and the lack of sound evidence that recertification processes improve doctors quality of care.D. On one hand, skills and knowledge are accumulated through experience and can improve quality of care.E. But its not clear that this will make much difference.F. Therefore, we decided to investigate this issue by analyzing the outcomes of hospitalized Medicare patients and the age of their treating physicians.【答案】71.C72.E73.D74.B75.F【解析】【选项释义】A. We found that patients treated by older physicians experienced statistically significantly higher mortality rates than patients cared for by younger physicians. A. 我们发现，由年长的医生治疗的病人的死亡率在统计学上明显高于由年轻医生照顾的病人。B. This would help inform new efforts to educate older physicians and improve clinical outcomes. B. 这将有助于为教育年长医生和改善临床预后的新尝试提供信息。C. However, this policy has recently come under scrutiny due to its high burden to doctors and the lack of sound evidence that recertification processes improve doctors quality of care. C. 然而，这一政策最近受到了审查，因为它给医生带来了很高的负担，而且缺乏合理的证据证明重新认证过程可以改善医生的护理质量。D. On one hand, skills and knowledge are accumulated through experience and can improve quality of care. D. 一方面，技能和知识是通过经验积累的，可以提高护理质量。E. But its not clear that this will make much difference. E. 但目前还不清楚这是否会带来很大的变化。F. Therefore, we decided to investigate this issue by analyzing the outcomes of hospitalized Medicare patients and the age of their treating physicians. F. 因此，我们决定通过分析住院的医疗保险病人的结果和他们主治医生的年龄来调查这个问题。71.【考查点】上下文关联。【解题思路】文章开头介绍了美国内科医学委员会要求内科医生每10年通过认证维护考试（Maintenance of Certification