2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 不定项选择题How is communication actually achieved? It depends, of course, either on a common language or on known convention, or at least on the beginnings of these. But often, especially with original artists and thinkers, the problem is in one way that of creating a language, or creating a convention, or at least of developing the language and conventions to the point where they are capable of bearing their precise meaning. In literature, in music, in the visual arts, in the sciences, in social thinking, in philosophy, this kind of development has occurred again and again. It often takes a long time to get through, and for many people it will remain difficult. But we need never think that it is impossible; creative energy is much more powerful than we sometimes suppose. While a man is engaged in this struggle to say new things in new ways, he is usually more than ever concentrated on the actual work, and not on its possible audience. Many artists and scientists share this fundamental unconcern about the ways in which their work will be received.In this sense it is true that it is the duty of society to create conditions in which such men can live. For whatever the value of any individual contribution, the general body of work is of immense value to everyone. But of course things are not so formal, in reality. There is not society on the one hand and these individuals on the other. In ordinary living, and in his work, the contributor shares in the life of his society, which often affects him both in minor ways and in ways sometimes so deep that he is not even aware of them. His ability to make his work public depends on the actual communication system: the language itself, or certain visual or musical or scientific conventions, and the institutions through which the communication will be passed. The effect of these on his actual work can be almost infinitely variable. For it is not only a communication system outside him; it is also, however original he may be, a communication system which is in fact part of himself. Many contributors make active use of this kind of internal communication system. It is to themselves, in a way, that they first show their conceptions, play their music, and present their arguments. If one mind has grasped it, then it may be open to other minds.The historian is also continually struck by the fact that men of this kind felt isolated at the very time when in reality they were beginning to get through. This can also be noticed in our own time, when some of the most deeply influential men feel isolated and even rejected. The society and the communication are there, but it is difficult to recognize them, difficult to be sure.1. Creative artists and thinkers achieve communication by （ ）.2. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that （ ）.3. A common characteristic of artists and scientists involved in creative work is that （ ）.4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?5. It is implied at the end of the passage that highly original individuals feel isolated because they （ ）.问题1选项A.depending on shared conventionsB.fashioning their own conventionsC.adjusting their personal feelingsD.elaborating a common language问题2选项A.philosophical thinking contributes to the formulation of conventionsB.human creativity is sometimes underestimatedC.development in literature follows similar ways to that of sciencesD.the role of conventions in communication is not well recognized问题3选项A.they care about the possible reaction to their workB.public response is one of the primary conceitsC.they are keenly aware of public interest in their workD.they are indifferent toward response to their work问题4选项A.Individual contributions combined possess great significance to the public.B.Good contributors dont neglect the use of internal communication system.C.Everyone except those original people comes under the influence of society.D.Knowing how to communicate is universal among human beings.问题5选项A.fail to acknowledge and use an acceptable form of communicationB.actually differ from other individuals in the same periodC.have little in common with the society of the timeD.refuse to admit parallels between themselves and the society【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“But often, especially with original artists and thinkers, the problem is in one way that of creating a language, or creating a convention, or at least of developing the language and conventions to the point where they are capable of bearing their precise meaning. 但通常，特别是对原创艺术家和思想家来说，问题在某种程度上是创造一种语言，或创造一种惯例，或至少是发展语言和惯例，使它们能够承载它们的精确意义。”可知B项“形成他们自己的习俗”与原文相符。A项“根据共享的约定”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“调整他们的个人情感”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“阐述共同的语言”，原文并没有相关表达。因此B选项正确。第2题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段第六句“But we need never think that it is impossible; creati