济南大学毕业设计毕业设计题 目 多轴自动螺栓拧紧机的设计 学 院 机械工程学院 专 业 机械工程及自动化 班 级 机自0703班 学 生 付继超 学 号 20070403046 指导教师 张冰 二一 一 年 五 月 二二 日- 1 -济南大学毕业设计摘 要螺纹联接由于简单可靠、拆卸方便, 而广泛应用于众多的机构装配中，在现代工业过程中, 用螺栓装配是非常普遍的, 尤其是在发动机、压缩机及变速箱等对螺栓拧紧的角度与位置装配精度要求很高的场合。然而, 目前在中国, 由于传统工艺等原因,现在广泛应用在装配线上的是气动与液压扳手, 其存在操作不方便、工人劳动强度大、效率底、角度和扭矩控制精度差而且不能实现网络化和在线管理等缺点, 已经不能满足现代工业高性能装配的要求。尽管国外已有自动螺栓拧紧机, 但由于其产品价位高、使用工位单一、灵活性差、售后服务不到位等原因不为广大中国用户所接受. 螺栓拧紧应用于汽车行业装配是一个普遍现象，以前人们只是考虑在装配时，把螺栓（或者螺母）拧到最紧的程度。后来才发现，这个“最紧”不过是一个非常模糊概念，它是因人而异的。一台机器有几十个以至成百上千个零件，采用螺栓紧固方法装配，在大生产中又是由多数人在不同的时间里完成的，而且每天又要装配几十或几百台机器，这个“最紧”的离散度将是可想而知。另外，还有些零件（如汽车发动机中的连杆大头孔），在金属切削车间需要用螺栓把瓦盖装配起来进行加工，而到了装配车间，又要先松开螺栓，拆下瓦盖，套到曲轴上后再重新拧紧后装配，如用这个“最紧”来进行，其结果将是非常危险的。因而，如何有效地控制“拧紧”，并使其达到“最佳”，也就成为了行业十分关注的课题。拧紧机就是作为有效地控制“拧紧”，并使其达到“最佳”装配工具。本文从拧紧机的结构设计入手，通过对螺栓拧紧机的各个结构的设计，完成总体的装配图，比较圆满的完成了拧紧机的系统设计。对一些比较重要的零件进行了详细的介绍并绘制其零件图。,关键词：螺栓拧紧；扭矩转角法；减速装置；花键轴ABSTRACTThreaded connection due to simple, reliable, disassemble, convenient, and widely used in numerous organizations assemble, in the modern industrial process, use bolt assembly is very common, especially in the engine, refrigeration compressor and transmission on the Angle and position to tighten bolts assembling accuracy demanding occasion. However, at present in China, because the traditional process and other reasons, now widely used in assembly line is pneumatic and hydraulic wrench, its existence operating inconvenient, labor intensity big, efficiency bottom, Angle and torque control precision poor and cant achieve network and online management shortcomings, cannot have satisfied the requirements of modern industrial high-performance assembly. Although foreign existing automatic bolt tightened machine, but because of its product price high, use workstation single, flexibility is bad, after-sales service for the main reasons not accepted by Chinese users. Bolt tightened application in automobile industry assembly is a common phenomenon, people used in assembly, just consider the bolts (or nut) twist to the extent of the closest. Later discovered, this the most tight but is a very vague concept, it is because of the person different. A machine that there are dozens of hundreds of parts, use bolts method is in production assembly, by most people in different time every day, and finished and assembly tens or hundreds of machine, the most tight discrete degrees will be imagined. Additional, still some parts (such as car engine of this big-end hole), in metal cuttingworkshop need bolts put tile to cover the assembly process, and to rise and assembly workshop, first, remove the loosening bolts earthen cover, set to tighten again after the crankshaft assembly, if use the most tight to undertake, the result will be very dangerous. Therefore, how to effectively control tight, and make its reach best, will become the industry is very concerned issue. Tighten the machine is as effectively control tight, and make its reach best assembly tools. This article from the structure design of tighten machine, through all of bolt tightened machine structure design, complete general assembly, is a completion of the tight machine system design. Some of the more important parts of a detailed introduction and map its detail drawings. Key words：Bolt tight; Torque - corner law; Slow device; spline目 录摘要. .IABSTRACT.II1 前言.11.1 螺栓联接的历史.11.2 螺栓拧紧机的出现.11.3 螺栓拧紧机的发展.11.4 中国拧紧机的发展.12 螺栓拧紧机的原理及意义.32.1 原理.32.1.1 扭矩法.32.1.2 扭矩转角法.42.1.3 屈服点法.52.2 意义.62.2.1 预紧力不适当带来的后果.62.2.2 设计意义 .63 螺栓拧紧机的总体设计过程.73.1 设计内容.73.2 性能特点.73.3 主要技术参数.7 3.4 螺栓拧紧机的总体设计.73.4.1 减速装置的选择.83.4.2 轴的设计.83.4.3 花键轴的校核.9 3.5 电动机的选择.114 行星齿轮减速器的设计.124.1 概述.124.