米宝宝科技2022年考研-考研英语二考试题库题目一二三四五六总分得分一.单项选择题(共20题)1.根据下面资料，回答26-30题With so much focus on childrens use of screens, its easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. Tech is designed to really suck you in, says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play,and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsiveas they often are when absorbed in a deviceit can be extremely disconcerting for the children. Radesky cites the still face experiment devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mothers attention. Parents dont have to be exquisitely present at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a childs verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need, says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids use of screens are born out of an oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting with their children: Its based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if youre failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them. Tronick believes that just because a child isnt learning from the screen doesnt mean theres no value to itparticularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which let them be more available to their child the rest of the time.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_.A. protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB. teach their kids at least 30,000 words a yearC. ensure constant interaction with their childrenD. remain concerned about kids use of screens正确答案：C,2.根据以下材料，回答31-35题Turtles have an unfortunate habit of eating plastic objects floating in the sea.These then get trapped in their alimentary canals, cannot be broken down by the animals digestive enzymes and may ultimately kill them.It is widely assumed that this liking for plastics is a matter of mistaken identity.Drifting plastic bags, for instance, look similar to jellyfish, which many types of turtles love to eat.Yet lots of plastic objects that end upinside turtles have no resemblance to jellyfish.Joseph Pfaller of the University of Florida therefore suspects that something more complicated is going on.As he writes in Current Biology, he thinks that the smell of marine micro-organisms which colonize floating plastic objects induces turtles to feed.The idea that the smell of plastic rubbish might lure animals to their doom first emerged in 2016.Researchers at the University of California, Davis, noticed that certain chemicals, which are released into the air by micro-organism-colonized plastics, are those which many seabirds sniff to track down food.These chemicals mark good places to hunt because they indicate an abundance of the bacteria that lie at the bottom of marine food chains.The researchers also found that birds which pursue their food in this way are five or six times more likely to eat plastic than those which do not.Since turtles are known to break the surface periodically and sniff the air when navigating towards their feeding areas, Dr.Pfaller theorized that they are following these same chemicals, and are likewise fooled into thinking that floating plastic objects are edible.To test that idea, he and his colleagues set up an experiment involving loggerhead turtles, a species frequently killed by plastic.They arranged for 15 of the animals, each around five months old, to be exposed, in random order, to four smells delivered through a pipe to the air above an experimental area.Two of the smells proved far more attractive to the animals than the others.When sniffing both the smell of food and that of five-week-old bottles turtles kept their noses out of th