2022年考博英语-东北大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The local government reduced the tax on petrol as a（ ）to the public outcry.问题1选项A.conceptionB.consensusC.contemptD.concession【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项conception“怀孕；概念；设想”；B选项consensus“一致；舆论；合意”；C选项contempt“轻视，蔑视；耻辱”；D选项concession“让步；承认；退位”。句意：当地政府减少汽油税来当作对公众强烈抗议的让步。根据句意可知D选项正确。2. 单选题A misconception frequently held by novice writers is that sentence structure mirrors thought: the more convoluted the structure, the more（ ）the ideas.问题1选项A.complicatedB.inconsequentialC.fancifulD.blatant【答案】A【解析】考查形容词同义辨析。A选项complicated“难懂的，复杂的”；B选项inconsequential“不重要的；不合理的；不合逻辑的”；C选项fanciful“想象的；稀奇的”；D选项blatant“喧嚣的；公然的；炫耀的；俗丽的”。句意：新手作家时常拥有的一个错误想法是句子结构反映想法，即结构越复杂，那么想法也就越复杂。根据句意判断出A选项正确。3. 单选题Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from（ ）on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.问题1选项A.configurationB.constitutionC.condemnationD.contamination【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项configuration“配置；结构；外形”；B选项constitution“宪法；体制；构造；结构”；C选项condemnation“谴责；定罪；非难的理由”；D选项contamination“污染，玷污；污染物”。句意：如今科学杂志上有一篇论文认为，岩石中的有机化合物大多数来自地球本身的结构，而不是火星上的细菌。结合句意，B选项正确。4. 单选题The girl had an（ ）manner which made her very popular at school.问题1选项A.insoutiantB.insouciantC.insousantD.insuciant【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。B选项insouciant“漫不经心的，漠不关心的；无忧无虑的”；A，C和D这三项在英语中不存在。句意：这个女孩有着无忧无虑的举止，这让她在学校很受欢迎。结合句意，B选项正确。5. 单选题She was extremely （ ）, always ready to agree with other peoples wishes.问题1选项A.mellowB.suppleC.adaptableD.obstinate【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项mellow“圆润的，柔和的；成熟的；芳醇的”；B选项supple“柔软的；灵活的；顺从的；易弯曲的；逢迎的”；C选项adaptable“适合的；能适应的；可修改的”；D选项obstinate“顽固的；倔强的；难以控制的”。句意：她是非常能适应的，总是准备着去赞同别人的愿望。结合此处句意，C选项正确。6. 单选题For hundreds of millions of years, turtles have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings down to the waters edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. A formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic coastlines. With all that attention paid to them, youd think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct.But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic turtles, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. The South Florida nesting population, the largest, has declined by 50% in the last decade, according to Elizabeth Griffin, a marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana. The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from “threatened” to “endangered”meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help.The obvious question: what else do these turtles want from us, anyway? It turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land (as egg-laying females, as eggs and as hatchlings), we have neglected the years spend in the ocean. “The threat is from commercial fishing,” says Griffin. Trawlers (which drag large nets through the water and along the ocean floor) and longline fishers (which can deploy thousands of hooks on lines that can stretch for miles) take a heavy toll on turtles.Of course, like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against the background of global warming and human interference with natural ecosystems. The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how creature so ugly could have won so much affection.1.We can learn from the first paragraph that （ ）.2.What does the author mean by “Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness (Line 1， Para. 2)?3.What constitutes a major threat to the survival of turtles according to Elizabeth Griffin?4.How does global warming affect the survival of turtles?5.The last sentence of the passage is meant to （ ）.问题1选项A.human activities have changed the way turtles surviveB.efforts have been made to protect turtles from dying outC.government bureaucracy has contributed to turtles, extinctionD.marine biologists are looking for the secret of turtles reproduction问题2选项A.Nature is quite fair regarding the survival of turtles.B.Turtles are by nature indifferent to