2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is if pored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore we must turn to a more subtle theory than Monkey see, monkey do.Look at it from the childs point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do.There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to attain his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a racket (叫嚷)is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more attention and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults reward some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves.In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wishes to avoid. If the pupil wants to be a good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players, while some other person may most influence his approach to books.Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success.1.For a child the first element in his learning is（ ）.2.Apart from achieving his desired result, a child should also learn to（ ）.3.Children tend to imitate the models（ ）.4.An identifying figure (Line 2, Para.5) refers to a person（ ）.问题1选项A.the need to find an authorityB.the need to find a way to achieve the desired resultC.the need for more affection from his parentsD.the desire to meet the standards of his social group问题2选项A.behave properlyB.attain his goal as soon as possibleC.show his affection for his parentsD.talk quietly问题3选项A.who do not criticize themB.who bring them unexpected rewardsC.whom they want to be likeD.whose social status is high问题4选项A.who serves as a model for othersB.who is always successfulC.who can be depended uponD.who has been rewarded for his success【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由第二段“If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do. 如果儿童对新情况缺乏一个快速的反应，并且不能推断出该做什么，他就会观察学习那些能给出正确结果的人。孩子寻找权威人士或专家来告诉他们该做什么。”可知孩子模仿学习的首要原因是他们需要找到一种能得到想要的结果的方式， 他们并不是模仿所有的东西。由此可知B项正确。第2题:细节事实题。由第三段的举例及“The child may be able to attain his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. 孩子也许能够达到他的直接目标，但却发现他的方法招致了观察他的人的批评。”以及“Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. 因此，解决任何客观情况的愿望都被以恰当方式解决问题的愿望所覆盖。”可知用适当的方法来解决问题很重要。答案A第3题:细节事实题。由第四段“If the pupil wants to be a good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players, while some other person may most influence his approach to books. 如果一个学生想成为一名优秀的小提琴手，他会观察并尝试模仿有能力的演奏者的技巧，如果他喜欢阅读，那么书本上的对他影响最大的人可能是其想模仿的对象。”故C项正确。第4题:细节事实题。由第五段第一句“Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. 欣赏一个人的某种品质常常会令我们仰慕整个人，这个人就变成了我们的榜样。由“admire a person as a whole”可推断出该词意为“榜样”，故答案A2. 单选题The use of sound is widespread as （ ）of animal communicate on.问题1选项A.a meansB.waysC.a toolD.signals【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。a means方法，手段；ways方法，道路，方向； a tool工具； signal信号，标志。句意：声音被广泛地用作动物交流的手段。由is 单数可直接排除B项与D项；声音应该是动物交流的一种手段而不是工具。答案A3. 单选题In general, matters which lie entirely within state borders are the （ ）concern of state government.问题1选项A.extinctB.excludingC.excessiveD.exclusive【答案】D【解析】考查形近词辨析。extinct “灭绝的，熄灭的”； excluding “排除，除外”；excessive “过多的，极度的”； exclusive“独有的，排外的”。句意：通常来讲，关于国家边境的问题都是政府尤为重视的。D项符合句意，答案D4. 单选题If sustainable competitive