2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Many visitors praised the magnificent architecture of the Palace _ the Forbidden City.问题1选项A.known to foreigners forB.known to foreigners asC.known for foreigners to beD.known for foreigners as【答案】B【解析】考查定语。句意：许多游客惊叹于这座被外国人熟知，被称为紫禁城的宏伟建筑。be known to“为所知”，be known as“作为而出名，被称为”，be known for“因为而出名”。横线到句尾是对the Palace进行修饰的定语，宫殿被外国人所知，并且被称为紫禁城，所以B选项known to foreigners as符合题意。其余选项介词用法错误。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction-room to make offers, or “bids”, for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down” the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum.The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin auction, meaning “increase”. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called sub hasta, meaning “under the spear”, a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, goods were often sold “by the candle”: a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight.Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fruit and vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. The auction-rooms as Christies and Sothebys in London and New York are world-famous.An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot”, is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in numerical order; he may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneers services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible.The auctioneer must know fairly accurately the current market values of the goods he is selling and he should be acquainted with regular buyers of such goods. He will not waste time by staring the bidding too low. He will also play on the rivalries among his buyers and succeed in getting a high price by encouraging two business competitors to bid against each other. It is largely on his advice that a seller will fix a “reserve” price that is a price below which the goods cannot be sold. Even the best auctioneers, however, find it difficult to stop a “knock out”, whereby dealers illegally arrange beforehand not to bid against each other but nominate one of themselves as the only bidder in the hope of buying goods al at extremely low prices. If such a “knock-out” comes off, the real auction sale lakes place privately afterwards among the dealers.1. A candle used to bum al at auction sales _.2. An auction catalogue gives prospective buyers _.3. The auctioneer may decide to sell the “lots” out of order because _.4. An auctioneer likes to get high prices for the goods he sells because _.5. A “knock out” is arranged _.问题1选项A.because they took place at nightB.as a signal for the crowd to gatherC.to keep the auctioneer warmD.to limit the time when offers could be made问题2选项A.the current market values of the goodsB.details of the goods to be soldC.the order in which goods must be soldD.free admission to the auction sale问题3选项A.he sometimes wants to confuse the buyersB.he knows from experience that certain people will want to buy certain itemsC.he wants to keep certain people waitingD.he wants to reduce the number of buyers问题4选项A.then he earns more himselfB.the dealers are pleasedC.the auction-rooms become world famousD.it keeps the customers interested问题5选项A.to keep the price in the auction room lowB.to allow one dealer only to make a profitC.to increase the auctioneers profitD.to help the auctioneer【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段最后一句In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, goods were often sold “by the candle”: a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight.（在18世纪和19世纪的英国，商品通常是“借着蜡烛”出售的：拍卖师点燃一支短蜡烛，然后在蜡烛点着的时候出价。），由此