高三英语总复习语法句子成分和基本句型什么是句子？ 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一 个字母必须大写，结尾要有？ ！I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is !句子包括哪些成分？ 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基 本成分有七种：主语( subject )、谓语( predicate )、表语( predicative )、宾语( object )、 定语( attribute )、状语 (adverbial) 和补语( complement )。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种 基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。1主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分一般由名词，代词，不定式， 动名词或从句充当它的位置一般在句首The girl is pretty.Reading is useful.To see is to believe.They are good friends.谓语：谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成.They are teachers.She looks well.He studies hard.He laughed at his classmates.He can speak English.表语：表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动 名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面.I am a teacher.She is happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believing.宾语宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和 及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后She plays the piano.He often helps me.I like watching TV.She likes to go to shop this afternoon.I think that he is good guy.宾语补足语 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补 足语才能表达完整的意思它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当If you let me go, I ll make you king.Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived.Make yourself at home.I saw him enter the hall.The boss keeps them working all day.I heard my name called.状语状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程 度一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充 当He did it carefully.Without his help, we couldn t work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词， 分词，从句都可以充当定语The black bike is mine.What s your name? A broken vase.I have 5 books. A sleeping boy.They made paper flowers.The boy in the room is Jack.I have something to do.It is a swimmi ng pool.种类类型主语S谓语动词v表语/宾语p宾语0宾补oc第1种S+VWework第2种S+V +0Heplaysvioli n.第3种S + v +PWearestude nts第4种S+v+10+DOshegavemea pen.第5种S+V+O+OCHemademelaugh基本句型一：SVP（主+系+表）这是本英汉辞典。 午餐的气味很好。 他堕入了情网。一切看来都不同了。他长得又高又壮S | V （是系动词）|P1. This | is | an English-Chinese dictionary.2. The dinner | smells | good.3. He | fell | in love.4. Everyth ing| looks | differe nt.5. He | is grow ing| tall and strong.6. The trouble | is | that they are short of mo ney.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。7. Our well| has go ne| dry.我们井干枯了。8. His face| turned | red.他的脸红了。系动词词义不完整，在句中不能单独使用（除省略句外），后面必须接有表语，系动词和表 语一起构成合成谓语。一、系动词的分类：常见的系动词大致可分为三类。第一类：表示特征或状态的，有 be, l ook, feel , seem, appear, smell , t ast e, sou nd, turn out （结果是、证明是）等。You l l be al l r i ght soon.You don t l ook very wel l .I feel rat her col d.He s eems t o be i l l .I t appear s t hat he i s unhappy.The r os es smel l sweet .The mixture tasted horribl e.How sweet t he musi c s ounds !The day t ur ned out ( t o be) a f i ne one.第二类：表示从一种状态到另一种状态的变化，有 become， get， grow， turn， fall ， go， come， r un 等。He became a wor l d- f amous sci enti st.It i s getti ng war mer and warmer.I t gr ew dar k.The f ood has t ur ned bad.Yest er day he s uddenl y f el l i l l .Mar y s f ace went r ed.Hi s dr eam has come t r ue.The boy s bl ood r an col d.第三类：表示保持状态的，有 keep， remai n， cont i nue， st ay 等。Keep qui et , chi l dr en!The weat her c ont i nued f i ne f or a l ong t i me.It remai ns to be proved.系动词后的表语可以是名词、代词、数词、形容词、分词、动名词、不定式、副词、介词 短语、词组、从句，系动词be可用于上述所有情况。The news was surpri si ng. (分词)Hi s j ob i s t eachi ng Engl i sh. （动名词 ）The onl y met hod i s t o gi ve t he chi l d mor e hel p. （不定式 ）I must be of f now. （副词 ）The br i dge i s under const r uct i on. （介词短语）That woul d be a gr eat wei ght of f my mi nd. （词组 ）Thi s i s why he was l at e. （ 从句 ）所有的系动词都可接形容词作表语，此处略举数例。Our f ut ur e wi l l be beaut i f ul .She l ooks unhappy t oday .Do y ou f eel col d？You seem/ appear i l l .The f ood t ast es del i c i ous.The weat her i s t ur ni ng/ gr owi ng/ becomi ng/ get t i ng c ol d.He of t en went hungr y.3. 能用不定式作表语 的系动 词有：appear, seem, get, prove, rema in, t ur n out 等。She appears/ seems to be very young.He appear s/ seems t o have caught col d.They got to be f ri ends。The meeti ng turned out to be successf ul.The theory proved to be ri ght.Much r emai ns t o be done.4. 能接从句的有：be, seem appear, sound, l ook 等。That s why he f el l i l l .My i dea i s t hat we shoul d hel p hi m.It seems/ appears to me that somethi ng is wrong.It sounds to me as i f someone were tryi ng to get i nto the house.Your voi ce sounds as i f you had a col d.It l ooks as i f i t is going to rain.5. 能接介词短语的有： be， f eel ， l ook， sound， t aste，remai n 等。be是特别活跃的系动词，其后可接很多介词短语作表语。He i s at home/ i n t he l i br ar y/ on t he way home/ on hol i day.They are on duty/ on st ri ke/ on l eave.The r oad i