2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Flight simulator (飞行模拟器)refers to any electronic or mechanical system for training airplane and spacecraft pilot and crew member by simulating flight conditions. The purpose of simulation is not to completely substitute（1）actual flight training but to thoroughly familiarize students with the vehicle（2）before they（3）extensive and possibly dangerous actual flight training. Simulations also are useful for review and for familiarizing pilots with new（4）to existing craft.Two early flight simulators appeared in England within a decade after the first flight of Orville and Wilbur Wright. They were designed to enable pilots to simulate simple aircraft（5）in three dimensions: nose up or down; left wing high and right low, or vice versa; and（6）to left or right. It took until 1929, however, for a truly effective simulator, the Link Trainer, to appear, devised by Edwin A. Link, a self-educated aviator and inventor from Binghamton, New York.（7）, airplane instrumentation had been developed sufficiently to permit “blind” flying on instruments alone, but training pilots to do so involved（8）risk. Link built a model of an airplane cockpit equipped（9）instrument panel and controls that could realistically stimulate all the movements of an airplane. Pilots could use the device for instrument training, manipulating the controls（10）instrument readings so as to maintain straight and level flight or（11）climb or descent with no visual reference（12） any horizon except for the artificial one on the instrument panel. The trainer was modified（13）aircraft technology advanced. Commercial airlines began to use the Link Trainer for pilot training and the US government began purchasing them in 1934,（14）thousands more as World War II approached.Technological advances during the war, particularly in electronics, helped to make the flight simulator increasingly（15）. The use of efficient analog computers in the early 1950s led to further improvements. Airplane cockpits, controls, and instrument displays had by then become so individualized that it was no longer feasible to use a generalized trainer to prepare pilots to fly anything（16）the simplest light planes. By the 1950s, the US Air Force was using simulators that precisely（17）the cockpits of its planes. During the early 1960s（18）digital and hybrid computers were adopted, and their speed and flexibility revolutionized simulation systems.Further advances in computer and（19）technology, notably the development of virtual-reality simulation, have made it possible to（20）highly complex real-life conditions.问题1选项A.forB.toC.withD.on问题2选项A.concerningB.concernC.being concernedD.concerned问题3选项A.undertakeB.undergoC.underplayD.underuse问题4选项A.modelsB.modificationsC.modifiersD.maneuvers问题5选项A.manifestationsB.manipulationsC.manifestoesD.maneuvers问题6选项A.yawlingB.yawningC.yawingD.yawping问题7选项A.From then onB.From now onC.By nowD.By then问题8选项A.considerableB.considerateC.consideringD.considered问题9选项A.forB.inC.withD.on问题10选项A.on the part ofB.on the basis ofC.on the track ofD.on the verge of问题11选项A.controlB.controllableC.controlledD.controller问题12选项A.toB.forC.onD.in问题13选项A.as forB.as topC.asD.for问题14选项A.acquiringB.requiringC.sustainingD.retaining问题15选项A.actualB.realisticC.realizingD.true问题16选项A.exceptB.except forC.apart fromD.but问题17选项A.replenishedB.replacedC.replicatedD.reposed问题18选项A.electronicB.electricC.electricityD.electron问题19选项A.programB.programmableC.programmedD.programming问题20选项A.resurrectB.reproduceC.resuscitateD.resume【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D第6题:C第7题:D第8题:A第9题:C第10题:B第11题:C第12题:A第13题:C第14题:A第15题:B第16题:D第17题:C第18题:A第19题:D第20题:B【解析】第1题:考查固定搭配。substitute for sb./sth. 代替某人/某物。第2题:语法题。考查非谓语动词。这里表示“让学生熟悉相关装置”，因此选D项。这里是动词的过去分词形式作后置定语。第3题:考查动词辨析。undertake承担，同意，保证；undergo经历，经受；underplay对轻描淡写;underuse 未充分利用。此处动词的宾语为“大规模的危险性的实战训练”，因此B项符合句意。第4题:考查名词辨析。model模型，典型，模范;modification修改，修正，改变;modifier调节器，修饰语; modica 口风琴。根据关键词familiarizing with和空白后面的介词to可知B项正确。第5题:考查名词辨析。manifestation 表现，显示，示威运动；manipulation 操作， 处理；manifesto 宣言，声明;maneuver 演习，策略。这里表示“模拟简单的飞行演习”，故选D。第6题:考查动词辨析。yawl 船载小艇，小帆船；yawn 张开；打哈欠；yaw 偏航；偏荡；yawp 大声叫嚷。分析句子可知此处是对三维模拟飞行演习作进一步说明，故选C项。第7题:考查短语辨析。上文句意为: 直到1929年，一架真正有效的飞行模器出现。因此这里表示:飞机上的仪器设备已经得到了充分发展。因此D “到那时为止”符合句意。第8题:考查形容词辨析。considerable 相当大的，重要的，值得考虑的;considerate 体贴的，考虑周到的；considering （介词）考虑到;considered 经过深思熟虑的，被尊重的。空格处用来修饰名词risk(风险，危险)，故选A。第9题:考查固定搭配。Be equipped with 配备有；装有；装备有。第10题:考查短语辨析。