2022年考博英语-北京科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题When he tried to make a（ ）, he found that the hotel was completely filled because of a convention.问题1选项A.reservationB.claimC.messD.revision【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A项reservation“预约，保留”，B项claim“宣称，要求”，C项mess“混乱”，D项revision“修正，复习”。根据关键词hotel（酒店）可知，空格部分表示“预约”，make a reservation固定搭配，表示“预定，预约”；句意：当他试图预订房间时，他发现由于一个会议的举办旅馆已经客满了。因此，该题选择A项正确。2. 单选题Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jefferson contended that the country should remain chiefly agricultural问题1选项A.inclinedB.struggledC.arguedD.competed【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。contend表示“主张，斗争”；A项incline“倾向于”，B项struggle“奋斗，斗争”，C项argue“争论，辩论”，D项compete“竞争，比赛”。句意：汉密尔顿希望国家是由城市组成的，而杰斐逊则主张国家应以农业为主。根据句意可知，选择C项正确。3. 单选题Scientists maintain that feathers initially developed from insect scales.问题1选项A.surprisinglyB.originallyC.self-evidentlyD.mostly【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。initially表示“最初地”；A项surprisingly“惊人地，出人意料地”，B项originally“最初”，C项self-evidently“不言而喻地”，D项mostly“主要地，多半地”。句意：科学家们认为，羽毛最初是由昆虫的鳞片进化而来的。根据句意可知，该题选择B项正确。4. 单选题It began as just another research project, in this case to examine the effects of various drugs on patients with a severe mood disorder. Using an advanced brain scanning technologythe clumsily named echo-planar magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (磁共振光谱成像) procedure, or EPMRSIresearchers at Bostons McLean Hospital scanned the medicated and un-medicated brains of 30 people with bipolar disorder in order to detect possible new treatments for the more than 2 million American adults who suffer from the disease.But something unexpected happened. A patient who had been so depressed that she could barely speak became ebullient after the 45-minute brain scan. Then a second patient, who seemed incapable of even a smile, emerged actually telling jokes. Then another and another. Was this some coincidence? Aimee Parow, the technician who made these observations didnt think so. She mentioned the patients striking mood shifts to her boss and together they completely refocused the study: to see if the electromagnetic fields might actually have a curative effect on depressive mood.As it turns out, they did. As reported last month in the American Journal of Psychiatry, 23 of the 30 people who were part of the study reported feeling significantly less depressed after the scan. The most dramatic improvements were among those who were taking no medication. The researchers are cautious. Says Bruce Cohen, McLeans president and psychiatrist in chief: “I want to emphasize that we are not saying this is the answer but this is a completely different approach in trying to help the brain than anything that was done before.Its a completely different approach because of the way the magnetism is applied to the brain. But its an example of new research on an old idea: that the brain is an electromagnetic organ and that brain disorders might result from disorder in magnetic function. The idea has huge appeal to psychiatrists and patients alike, since for many people the side effects of psychiatric (精神的) drugs are almost as difficult to manage as the disease itself. And 30 percent of the nearly 18.8 million people who suffer from depression do not respond to any of the antidepressants available now. People with other severe mental disorders might benefit as well. And while no one fully understands exactly why or how the brain responds as it does to electrical currents and magnetic waves, fascinating new research is offering some possible explanations.1. The first paragraph describes a project aimed at finding（ ）.2. What does the passage say about bipolar disorder?3. The word “ebullient” in Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by（ ）.4. The researchers attitude toward the new finding can be described as（ ）.5. The new finding is significant because it shows that electromagnetic fields may（ ）.问题1选项A.who has bipolar disorderB.what improves peoples moodsC.whether magnetic scanning is a treatmentD.how some patients respond to some drugs问题2选项A.It mainly affects males.B.It may cause drug addiction.C.It is a mental problem.D.It is hard to detect.问题3选项A.considerateB.quietC.excitedD.sorrowful问题4选项A.confusedB.amusedC.carefulD.skeptical问题5选项A.treat mental disordersB.cause mental disordersC.increase the effectiveness of some drugsD.reduce the effectiveness of some drugs【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节推理题。题干意思是“第一段描述了一个旨在寻找的项目”。根据题干定位到文章第一段第一句It began as just another research project, in this case to examine the efforts of various drugs on patients with a severe mood disorder.（它一开始只是另一个研究项目，在这个案例中，研究各种药物对严重情绪障碍患者的影响），由此可知D项“有些病人对某些药物的反应如何”符合。A项“谁是双相障碍患者”，内容不符合题干；B项“什么改善了人们的情绪”，这个项目研究的是药物对情绪的影响，该项比较片面；C项“磁扫描是否是一种治疗手段”，磁扫描的目的是为了发现可能的新的治疗方法，不是这个项目的目的。故该题选D正确。第2题:细节推断题。题干意思是“关于双相障碍，这篇文章说了什么？”。根据第一段最后一句res