2022年考博英语-浙江工业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题In education, there should be a good（ ）among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effective thinking and wise judgment.问题1选项A.balanceB.distributionC.combinationD.spread【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项balance“平衡”；B选项distribution“分布，分配”；C选项combination “结合，组合”；D选项spread“传播，伸展”。句意：在教育中，帮助养成有效思考与明智判断的学科之间应该有一个很好的_。而根据句中“学科之间”这一关键词，可以判断出应该是在强调要一个“好的平衡”，因此A选项符合题意。2. 单选题The planets wild creatures face a new threatfrom yuppies(雅皮士), empty nesters and one parent families.Biologists studying the pressure on the planets dwindling biodiversity today report on a new reason for alarm. Although the rate of growth in the human population is decreasing, the number of individual households is exploding.Even where populations have actually dwindled in some regions of New Zealand, for instancethe numbers of individual households has increased, because of divorce,career choice,smaller families and longer lifespan.Jianguo Liu of Michigan State University and colleagues from Stanford University in California report in Nature, in a paper published online in advance, that a greater number of individual households, each containing on average fewer people, meant more pressure on natural resources.Towns and cities began to sprawl (蔓延) as new homes were built. Each household needed fuel to heat and light it; each household required its own plumbing, cooking and refrigeration. “In larger households, the efficiency of resource consumption will be a lot higher, because more people share things.” Dr Liu said. He and his colleagues looked at the population patterns of life in 141 countries, including 76 “hotspot” regions unusually rich in a variety of local wildlife. These hot spots included Australia, New Zealand, the US, Brazil, China, India, Kenya, and Italy. They found that between 1985 and 2000 in the “hotspot” parts of the globe, the annual 3.1% growth rate in the number of households was far higher than the population growth rate of 1.8%. “Had the average household size remained at the 1985 level,” the scientists report, “there would have been 155 million fewer households in hotspot countries in 2000”.Dr Lius work grew from the alarming discovery that the giant pandas living in Chinas Wolong reserve are more at risk now than they were when the reserve was first established. The local population had grown, but the total number of homes had increased more swiftly, to make greater inroads into the bamboo forests.Only around 1.75 million species on the planet have been named and described. Biologists estimate that there could be 7million, or even 17million, as yet to be identified. But human numbers have grown more than six-fold in the past 200 years, and humans and their livestock are now the greatest single consumer group on the planet. The world population will continue to soar, perhaps leveling off around 9 billion in the next century. Environmental campaigners have claimed that between a quarter and a half of all the species on earth could become extinct in the next century.56. Biologists report that the biodiversity is decreasing because（ ）.57. Researchers state that（ ）.58. The example in paragraph 8 indicated that（ ）.59. Some environmentalists warn that the soaring population will cause（ ）.60. The passage mainly tells us that（ ）.问题1选项A.more individual households are increasing greatlyB.human beings are threatening many wild creaturesC.human populations have been decreasing in recent yearsD.wild creatures depend on more individual households问题2选项A.larger families are more efficient in consuming natural resources than smaller familiesB.both larger and smaller families need the same amounts of natural resourcesC.smaller families are more extravagant in livingD.larger families are more frugal in living问题3选项A.the local people do not mind conserving the natural environmentB.the local people should further control the rise of populationC.the increase of local population led to the decrease of biodiversityD.the increase of individual households led to the decrease of biodiversity问题4选项A.the degradation of peoples living standard in the next centuryB.the deterioration of living environment in the next centuryC.the reproduction of more wild species in the next centuryD.the extinction of more wild species in the next century问题5选项A.the increase of human population leads to more destruction of the natural worldB.the decrease of animal no population results from the dwindling biodiversity in the natural worldC.the planets biodiversity is also related to the number of householdsD.the planets biodiversity relies on the balanced increase of larger and smaller households【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:D【解析】56.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段Biologists studying the pressure on the planets dwindling biodiversi