2022年考博英语-湖南农业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Sometimes these are clearly stated but more often than not they are _ in attitudes and actions.问题1选项A.implicitB.hiddenC.existentD.covered【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“含蓄的，盲从的”；B选项“隐藏的”；C选项“现存的，存在的”；D选项“覆盖的，隐藏着的”。句意：有时候这些东西被描述得很清晰，但是他们会在态度或者行动上（）。根据题干关键词“clearly”和“but”，选A更符合题意，这些描述得很清楚，但是在行动或者态度方面他们是隐晦的。B，D选项一般和by搭配。C选项带入句子中不符合逻辑。2. 单选题It was no _ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.问题1选项A.coincidenceB.conventionC.certaintyD.complication【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“巧合，一致发生”； B选项“大会，公约”；C选项“确认”；D选项“并发症，复杂”。句意：在银行被抢的时候他的车被看到停在附近，这绝对不是（）。根据句意，这个人在推测为什么正好在银行被抢的时候在附近看到了他的车，会不会也太巧了。这里结合选项应该选A。3. 不定项选择题The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterpartsa result of the training that U. S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industrys work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments dont force it. After all, thats how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didnt have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanitys productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesnt constrain the ability of the developing worlds workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isnt developing more quickly there than it is.1. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor countries _.2. A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that _.3. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged _.4. According to the last paragraph, development of education _.问题1选项A.is conventionally downgradedB.is subjected to groundless doubtsC.has been overestimatedD.fallen victim of bias问题2选项A.the U.S workforce has a better educationB.the Japanese workforce is better disciplinedC.the U. S workforce is more organizedD.the Japanese workforce is more productive问题3选项A.when people no longer went hungryB.when people had enough timeC.as a result of pressure on governmentD.prior to better ways of finding food问题4选项A.follows improved productivityB.results directly from competitive environmentsC.cannot afford political changesD.does not depend on economic performance【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A【解析】第1题:作者意图题。题干：在第一段中作者认为在贫穷国家教育的重要性_？A选项“通常受到质疑”；B选项“遭受无端质疑”；C选项“被高估了”；D选项“是偏见的受害者”。根据题干定位到第一段第一、二、三句“在贫穷国家，正规教育与经济增长之间的关系被经济学家和政治家广泛误解。毫无疑问，这两个领域的进步对于这些社会和所有其他社会的社会、政治