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(一)冠词概述冠词是限定词的一种,自己不能单独使用,只能依附于一个名词帮助说明这个名词的含义。因此冠词也可以说是名词的一种标志,它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词有三种形式:不定冠词a(an),定冠词(the)和零冠词(即不使用冠词)。冠词用法每次中考都会出现,主要考查:(1)名词前的定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的用法;(2)固定搭配中的冠词用法。a,an的用法区别是常考内容。序数词前及形容词最高级前或姓氏前使用定冠词也是近年来中考的常考内容。(二)基础知识梳理1不定冠词aan的用法不定冠词用来修饰单数可数名词,指人或物中的某一个或某一类,但不具体说明是何人何物。如:A famous astronaut will give us a talk the week after nexta用在以辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的单词前,如:a university student,a European country;an用在以元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的单词前,如:an honest girl,an underground train现将不定冠词的基本用法归纳如下:1)首次提到某人某物,不定冠词起介绍作用。如:Long long ago an old man lived in a small village2)表示“每一”的意思,常用于表示时间、速度的名词之前,相当于every。如:ten metres a second,twice a week3)也可用于不可数的物质名词和抽象名词之前,使其具体化。如:1 would like a drinkIts a great joy to live in Shanghai4)某些固定短语中,要用不定冠词。如:have a good time,in a hurry,have a break,for a while,a pair of,have a look,with a smile,take an active part in2定冠词the的用法1)指第二次提到的人或物。如:I have a dog and a catThe dog is brown and the cat is yellow2)特指某人或某物。如:The old man with thick glasses is their history teacher3)指谈话双方都知道的人或物。如:Would you mind turning down the radio,Jim? Your father is sleeping4)用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如:The third truck is carrying the fewest apples of all5)用于指世界上独一无二的事物。如:The moon is far smaller than the earth6)在江河、海洋、山脉等地理名词前及由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:the Nile,the Pacific Ocean,the Alps,the Oriental Pearl7)用于表示方位的名词前。如:Shanghai is in the east of China8)用在乐器名称的前面。如:I practise the piano every day after school9)在某些形容词前加定冠词,表示一类人。如:The sick and the old should be taken good care of10)用于姓氏复数形式之前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇两人”。如:The Wangs have worked in Pudong for almost ten years11)在某些固定短语中,需用定冠词。如:In the morning,the day after tomorrow,listen to the radio,at the moment,go to the beach,by the way3不用冠词的情况1)在球类活动、学科名称前。如:We have Chinese,maths,and English every day2)在节日、月份、四季、星期前。如:June l is Childrens DayIts Saturday todayIts late spring now3)名词前已有作定语的指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或数词等。如:That handbag is in her carI have several questions to ask4)在物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。如:Milk is white(比较:The milk in the cup has gone bad这里the表示特指。)5)三餐名词前通常不用冠词,如:have supper,after breakfast,但三餐名词前如果有形容词修饰时,要用不定冠词,如:a big supper,a quick breakfast等。6)在称呼、头衔、职位前。如What can I do for you,sir.7)在某些固定词组和习惯用语中。如:by motorcycleairtrain,at night,in trouble, go to church,put into jal等。4在某些名词前用冠词或不用冠词,其意义有所不同。如:go 10 church(去做礼拜) go to the church(到那座教堂去)in class(在上课时) in the class(在班级中)in charge of(负责) in the charge of(由负责)in hospital(生病住院) in the hospital(在医院里工作或参观)at table(在吃饭) at the table(在桌子旁)take place(发生) take the place(代替)in front of(在的前面) in the front of(在前部)keep house(管理家务) keep the house(呆在家里)经典例题 1 After supper,mother gave each of her daughters _ orangeAthe B/ Ca Dan2 I found _notebook on the floorTherewas _ “f” on the cover of_ notebookAtheana B aaa C aathe D aanthe3 Do you know _ girl in a red coat.Aa Ban Cthe D/4 A:Have you got _ Email address? B:Oh,yes,mine is wjb80yahoo.comAthe Ban Ca D/5 _ India and China are in _ same continent.A. /the BThethe C/ . / D/the6 Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning Is it _black one? I think I saw it somewhereAathe Baa Cthea Dthethe7 We cant see _ sun in _ sky at _nightAthethethe B/thetheCthethe/ Dthe/8 (改错) As everyone knows, Summer Palace is one of the most beautiful parks in the world.A B C D9 After school,I often play _ violin while my elder brother prefers to play _ basketball.Athethethe Bthe/theC/ the/ Dthe/10 Jack is _ most careful student,but he isnt _most careful studentin our classAthethe Bthea Caa Dathe11 Do you know_ of the two girls?Ataller Bthe taller C the tallest Dthe tall12 We made him _ manager of our companyLook, ?_ manager is comingAthethe Bthe/ C/the D/13 David comes from _ United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandAa Bthe Can D/答案解析1 【解析】答案是D。“晚饭之后妈妈给了每个女儿一只橘子。”这里an相当于one,此外因为orange是以元音音素开头,所以只能用an。2 【解析】答案是D。“我发现地板上有一个笔记本。这个笔记本的封面上有一个字母f。”这里notebook第一次出现时用“a”,而第二次提及时则用了“the”。另外f虽是辅音字母,但发音是ef以元音音素开头,所以用an。注意以元音音素开头的字母除了a,e,i,o,u之外还有f,h,l,m,n,r,s,x。3 【解析】答案是C。“你认识那个穿红外套的姑娘吗?”定冠词the可以用来表示某个或具有某些特定的人或东西,或是说话人与听话人都知道的人或事物。故此处选the合乎题意。又如:Turn on the light,please.Be careful when you cross the street这里的定冠词都是此意。4 【解析】考查不定冠词表示泛指某一个,答案为B。此题反映了当前中考命题的一个特点:语言富有时代气息。5 【解析】答案是A。国名前不需加冠词,但same前要用定冠词the。6 【解析】答案为B。此题考查的是不定冠词的一般用法,但由于是在特定语境中考,难度就大大增加。不少考生看不出答语中I think和somewhere所表示的不确定语气,认为是特指,所以误选A。7 【解析】答案是C。“晚上,我们在天上看不见太阳。”这里the sun,the sky为独一无二的东西,故选用定冠词。而at
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