2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题It is believed that the recent findings are also applicable to other areas of design engineering.问题1选项A.practicalB.relevantC.convenientD.comparable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据句意：人们相信，最近的发现也适用于设计工程的其他领域。applicable意为“可适用的，可应用的”。A选项practical“实际的，实用性的”；B选项relevant“相关的”；C选项convenient“方便的”；D选项comparable“类似的，可比较的”。选项A与之意思最为接近。2. 单选题You will get to the church more quickly if you take this（ ）across the fields.问题1选项A.trackB.passageC.methodD.journey【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项track“轨道，足迹，小道”；B选项passage“走廊，通道”；C选项method“方法”；D选项 journey“旅行，行程”。句意：如果你沿着这条小路穿过田野，到教堂会快一些。选项A符合语境。3. 单选题The childrens mercurial natures were in sharp contrast to the even-tempered dispositions of their parents.问题1选项A.artlessB.volatileC.blitheD.graceful【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：孩子们反复无常的性格和他们父母平和的性格形成了鲜明的对比。A选项artless“天真的，朴实的”；B选项volatile“不稳定的，反复无常的”；C选项blithe“愉快的”；D选项graceful“优雅的，优美的”。根据句意可知，mercurial 应该是和 even-tempered意思相反，mercurial意为“活泼善变的”，选项B与之意思相近，代入符合语境。4. 单选题Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviorshabitsamong consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we cant figure out how to change peoples habits,” said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned toProcter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers lives that corporations could used to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, youll find that many of the products we use every daychewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitaminsare results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands advertising that no morning is complete without a minty-fresh mouth.A few decades ago, many people didnt drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizerswhich are effective even if applied at high noonare advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers lives, and its essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods. But for activists like Dr. Curtis, this emerging research offers a type of salvation.1. According to the author, consumers good habits in the past were developed by（ ）.2. Judging from the context, the word “killers” (Line 1, Para.2) most probably refers to（ ）.3. Judging from the context, Colgate and Crest are most probably（ ）.4. Bottled water, chewing gum, and skin moisturizers are used in paragraph 5 as examples to indicate（ ）.5. Which of the following groups has unfavorable opinion on advertising?问题1选项A.the efforts of many companiesB.themselves automaticallyC.perfect art of creating automatic behaviorsD.a carefully designed set of daily cues问题2选项A.fundamental public health problemsB.things which are extremely difficult to deal withC.people who deliberately take others lifeD.new behaviors that happen automatically问题3选项A.famous American companiesB.daily consumer productsC.tooth-paste brandsD.pearly white jewelry问题4选项A.the importance of good habitsB.some daily necessiti