2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors7 names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The Internet - and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it - is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development（OECD. has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the reports authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author（or his employer）to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.1. The author mainly talks about（ ）in Paragraph 1.2. The OECD report（ ）.3. Online publication is significant because（ ）4. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to（ ）5. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.the background information of journal editingB.the relations of authors with journal publishersC.the traditional process of journal publicationD.the publication routine of laboratory reports问题2选项A.criticizes government-funded researchB.upsets profit-making journal publishersC.benefits scientific research considerablyD.introduces an effective means of publication问题3选项A.it brings huge profits to scientific researchersB.it provides an easier access to scientific resultsC.it facilitates public investment in scientific researchD.it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge问题4选项A.cover the cost of its publication.B.subscribe to the journal publishing it.C.allow other online journals to use it freely.D.complete the peer-review before submission.问题5选项A.Authors welcome the new channel for publication.B.Publication is rendered easier by online service.C.The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.D.A new mode of publication is emerging.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段主要讲述了期刊出版的过程，即收稿、审稿、出版或弃用、版权和引用收费等步骤。 C和D看似都符合。仔细阅读全文可知，文章先讲述了期刊出版以前是怎样的，后来又是怎样的，由It used to be so straightforward.可知第一段主要讲述的是过去期刊是出版的过程，C选项中“traditional”强调了过去。因此D项更符合题意。2.细节事实题。由题干定位到第二段“The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. 份报告是由澳大利亚维多利亚大学的约翰霍顿和经合组织的格雷厄姆维克里共同撰写的，对于那些迄今为止已经获得可观利润的出版商来说，这份报告读起来很沉重。”据此可知该报告让盈利的出版商心情沉重。故B项正确。3.细节事实题。由第二段“No longer. The Internet - and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it - is making access to scientific results a reality. 互联网以及来自资助机构的压力正使获取科学成果成为现实。资助机构质疑，为什么商业出版商通过限制对科研的访问，从政府资助的研究中赚钱。可知互联网使网上发表论文成为可能，同时网上发表论文使人们更易获得科学成果。故B项正确。4.细节事实题。由第四段“There is open-access publishing, typical