2022年考博英语-湖南大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Medicine achieved its splendid eminence by applying the principle of fragmentation to the human condition. Our bodily ills have been split up relegated to different experts: an itch to the dermatologist, a twitch to the neurologist and if all else fails, a visit to the psychiatrist. For this last, intangible function & the family doctor has been taken over by the specialist confessional.In Israel, you queue at one desk for a cut finger, at another for a sprain, and a third for shock-even if all three symptoms resulted from one accident. In Britain, both the growing importance of hospital facilities and the reluctance of GE.s to unit their resources has gone far towards making the surgery a baby or calming a neurotic.Consultants and G.Ps begin the same way, as medical students obliged to cultivate detachment. But whereas family doctor gets involved in the intimate details of his “parish”， the consultant need only meet aspects of the patient relevant to his specialty. The more he endeavors to specialize, the more extraneous phenomena must be shut out. Beyond the token bedside exchanges he need not go.Consequently, in a surgical ward, there are no people at all: only an appendectomy, a tumor, two hernias, and a “terminal case” (hospitals avoid the word “dying”). To make impersonality easier, beds are numbered and patients are known by numbers. Remoteness provides the hospital with a practical working code.Nurses too have evolved their own defense system. Since they care for individuals, they could with dangerous ease become too involved. The nursing profession has therefore perfected its own technique of fragmentation, task assignment”. This enables one patients needs to be split up among many nurses. One junior will go down a row of beds inserting a thermometer into a row of mouths. Whether the owners are asleep or drinking tea is irrelevant; the job comes first, in her final year, a student will undertake the pre-medication of patients on theatre-list. She has by that time learnt to see them as objects for injection, not frightened people.Nursing leaders realize the drawbacks in this system. There-has been talk of group-assignment to link nurses with particular patients and give some continuity. But the actual number of experiments can be counted on one hand. Nurses, as they often plead, touchingly, “are only human”. They shun responsibility for life and death, if responsibility is split into a kaleidoscope of urines, it weighs less on any one person.1.In this passage, the writer is ultimately suggesting that（ ）.2.According to the passage nurses are（ ） .3.In this passage, the writer is ultimately suggesting that （ ）.4.According to the writers the attempts by nursing leaders to improve the system5.The word “shun” in the last paragraph means （ ）.问题1选项A.healthcare has become more efficientB.healthcare has become less caringC.hospitals have too many specialistsD.there should be more opportunities for amateurs in hospitals问题2选项A.overpaid and uncaringB.overworked and unfairly criticizedC.overwhelmed and undervaluedD.uncaring but efficient问题3选项A.healthcare has become more efficientB.healthcare has become less caringC.hospitals have too many specialistsD.there should be more opportunities for amateurs in hospitals问题4选项A.a step in the fight directionB.impressiveC.fewD.flawed问题5选项A.dodgeB.claimC.appreciateD.undertake【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理。作者通篇都在说当今医护人员不把病人当活生生的人，而只是看成需要处理改善的对象。故选B。2.归纳推理。根据倒数第二段可知,护士们虽然冷漠但是高效。3.判断推理。本篇都在说当今医护人员只把病人看成一个个的需要处理改善的对象而 不是有感情的人。因此推测本题选B项(医护变得冷漠了)。4.细节事实。文中倒数最后一段第二行 But the actual number of .can be counted on one hand.可以得出答案。5.词义题。单词“shun”所在句句意: 他们逃避对生命和死亡的责任。shun意为“避免，躲开，因此选A项dodge(闪开躲开)。2. 判断题测试使用的判断题，请勿组到其他试卷中，该试题只用于后台测试，造成不便请多包涵问题1选项A.对B.错【答案】A【解析】试题解析3. 单选题When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”，preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”，and mak