2022年考博英语-扬州大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题She contrived to get a glimpse of the light of truth here and there, and hoped that（ ）ray might suffice to guide her.问题1选项A.scantB.scarceC.meagerD.sparse【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项scant“不足的，缺乏的”，强调的是勉强足够的；B选项scarce“缺乏的，稀有的”，强调的是“稀缺、珍贵”；C选项meager“贫乏的”，多指收入微薄；D选项sparse“稀疏的，稀少的”，强调人烟稀少，资源匮乏。句意：她设法在各处瞥见一点真理的光芒，希望那微弱的光芒足以引导她。这里强调的是勉强足够的，所以选项A更符合语境。2. 翻译题2. Translate the following into English. (10%)中国政府已做出了重大的努力，动员人民因地制宜地开展改善生态环境的工作。我们还要做出更大的努力来提高人们的环境意识。需要新闻媒体广泛宣传我国的环境政策，普及环境知识，使每一个人投入保护生态环境的行动中去。【答案】The Chinese government has made great efforts to mobilize people to improve ecological environment according to local conditions. We will double our effort to raise people s awareness of environment. The news media are needed to publicize the environmental policy in our country, popularize the knowledge about environment, making every citizen take an active part in ecological environment protection.3. 单选题Ethnography is the study of a particular human society or the process of making such a study. Contemporary ethnography is based almost entirely on fieldwork and requires the complete immersion of the anthropologist in the culture and everyday life of the people who are the subject of his study. Ethnography, by virtue of its intersubjective nature, is necessarily comparative. Given that the anthropologist in the field necessarily retains certain cultural biases, his observations and descriptions must, to a certain degree, be comparative. Thus the formulating of generalizations about culture and the drawing of comparisons inevitably become components of ethnography.Modern anthropologists usually identify the establishment of ethnography as a professional field with the pioneering work of both the Polish-born British anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski in the Trobriand Islands of Melanesia. Ethnographic fieldwork has since become a sort of rite of passage into the profession of cultural anthropology. Many ethnographers reside in the field for a year or more, learning the local language or dialect and, to the greatest extent possible, participating in everyday life while at the same time maintaining an observers objective detachment.This method, called participant-observation, while necessary and useful for gaining a thorough understanding of a foreign culture, is in practice quite difficult. Just as the anthropologist brings to the situation certain inherent, if unconscious, cultural biases, so also is he influenced by the subject of his study. While there are cases of ethnographers who felt alienated or even repelled by the culture they entered, manyperhaps mosthave come to identify closely with “their people,” a factor that affects their objectivity. In addition to the technique of participant-observation, the contemporary ethnographer usually selects and cultivates close relationships with individuals, known as informants, who can provide specific information on ritual, kinship, or other significant aspects of cultural life. In this process also the anthropologist risks the danger of biased viewpoints, as those who most willingly act as informants frequently are individuals who are marginal to the group and who, for ulterior motives (e.g., alienation from the group or a desire to be singled out as special by the foreigner), may provide other than objective explanations of cultural and social phenomena. A final hazard inherent in ethnographic fieldwork is the ever-present possibility of cultural change produced by or resulting from the ethnographers presence in the group.Contemporary ethnographies usually adhere to a community, rather than individual, focus and concentrate on the description of current circumstances rather than historical events. Traditionally, commonalities among members of the group have been emphasized, though recent ethnography has begun to reflect an interest in the importance of variation within cultural systems. Ethnographic studies are no longer restricted to small primitive societies but may also focus on such social units as urban ghettos. The tools of the ethnographer have changed radically since Malinowskis time. While detailed notes are still a mainstay of fieldwork, ethnographers have taken full advantage of technological developments such as motion pictures and tape recorders to augment their written accounts.1.The last sentence of Para.1 indicates or suggests that（ ）.2.Which of the following may NOT give biases to the ethnographers study of culture?3.The ethnographer shows great interest in all of the following EXCEPT（ ）.4.According to the passage, it was Malinowski who（ ）.5.It is implied in the last paragraph that the method used by earlier ethnographers was（ ）.问题1选项A.ethnography should make theoretical as well as comparative study of cultureB.ethnographers should be on their guard against overgeneralizing about cultureC.ethnographers would ine