2022-2023年考博英语-福建师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题“It is impossible that old prejudices and hostilities should longer exist, while such an instrument has been created far the exchange of thought between all the nations of the earth,” acclaimed Victorian enthusiasts the arrival in 1858 of the first transatlantic telegraph cable. People say that sort of things about new technologies, even today. Biotechnology is said to be the cure for world hunger. The sequencing of the human genome will supposedly uproot cancer and other diseases. The wildest optimism, though, has greeted the Internet. A whole industry of cyber gurus has enthralled audiences (and made a fine living) with claims that the Internet will prevent wars, reduce pollution, and combat various forms of inequality However, although the Internet is still young enough to inspire idealism, it has also been around long enough to test whether the prophets can be right.Grandest of all the claims are those made by some of the experts at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology about the Internets potential as a force for peace. Nicholas Negroponte, has declared that, thanks to the Internet, the children of the future “are not going to know what nationalism is”. His colleague, Michael Dertouzos, has written that digital communications will bring “computer-aided peace” which “may help stave off future flare-ups of ethnic hatred and national break-ups”. The idea is that improved communications will reduce misunderstandings and transfer conflict.This is not new, any more than were the claims for the peace-making possibilities of other new technologies. In the early years of the 20th century, airplanes were expected to end wars, by promoting international communication and (less credibly) by making armies out-of-date, since they would be weak to attack from the air. After the First World War had dispelled such notions, it was the turn of radio. “Nation shall speak peace unto nation” ran the fine motto of Britains BBC World Service. Sadly, Radio of Rwanda disproved the idea that radio was an intrinsically peace force once and for all.The mistake people make is to assume that wars are caused simply by the failure of different peoples to understand each other adequately. Indeed, even if that were true, the Internet can also be used to advocate conflict. Hate speech and intolerance develop in its dark comers, where government finds it hard to intervene. Although the Internet undeniably fosters communication, it will not put an end to war.1.Nowadays, the 1858 acclaim by enthusiasts are still used to describe （ ）.2.The phrase stave off(underlined in paragraph 2) probably means（ ）.3.People will not believe the Internet can put an end to war if they（ ）.问题1选项A.the merits of biotechnologyB.the significance of new technologyC.the prospect of the InternetD.the sequencing of human genome问题2选项A.get rid ofB.advocate forC.make use ofD.scrape through问题3选项A.can control hate speech and intolerance on the InternetB.do not take misunderstanding as the reason for warC.efficiently foster the Internet as a means of communicationD.know the nature of the Internet is to advocate war【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的The wildest optimism, though, has greeted the Internet.（然而，互联网带来了最狂野的乐观。）可知C选项“互联网的前景”符合题意。2.词义题。由文章第二段中的digital communications will bring computer-aided peace which may help stave off future flare-ups of ethnic hatred and national break-ups（数字通信将带来“计算机辅助和平”，这“有助于未来民族仇恨的爆发和民族分裂的爆发”）可知“stave off”为动词词组，which引导后面的定语从句，修饰先行词computer-aided peace，根据“和平”的含义，可推测此处指减少或避免民族仇恨和分裂的爆发，因此选A。3.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的the Internet can also be used to advocate conflict.Although the Internet undeniably fosters communication, it will not put an end to war.（互联网也可以用来鼓吹冲突尽管互联网无可否认地促进了交流，但它不会结束战争）可知D选项“认识互联网的本质就是倡导战争”符合题意。2. 单选题I learnt that there are no genuinely,（ ）animals in this area, all the animals were brought here from other places.问题1选项A.endangeredB.domesticatedC.indigenousD.extinct【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。endangered意为“快要绝种的”；domesticated意为“驯化了的”；indigenous意为“本地的，土生土长的”；extinct意为“灭绝的”。由后面的all the animals were brought here from other places（这里所有的动物都是从外地引进的）可知前面表示这个地区的动物不是土生土长的，选C。句意：我了解到这个地区没有真正本土的动物，这里所有的动物都是从外地引进的。3. 单选题Environmentalists may get off on terrifying climate change, but most people just turn away. “If it was really so bad, theyd do something,” says one colleague. The human tendency to convince yourself that everything is OK, because no one else is worried, is deeply seated.Our tendency to shrug off responsibility seems to hold true even when we ourselves are in danger. John Darley and Bibb Latane asked a series of college students to sit in a room and fill out a questionnaire. When smoke started to pour into the room through a vent, the others, all actors, ignored it and went on writing calmly. Ninety percent of