2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题“Very few people like to talk about how much money they makeespecially people who earn a lot of money,” wrote Salmon in his post Why Salaries Shouldnt Be Secret, in the wake of news that recentlydeparted New York Times editor Jill Abramson had started asking questions about the pay discrepancy between her and her predecessor. “Since companies tend to be run by people who earn a lot of money, the result is a culture of silence and secrecy when it comes to pay.”There are several surprising reasons. “Secrecy surrounding pay is generally a bad idea for any organizations,” Salmon wrote. “For one thing, secrecy about pay is bad for women, who are worse at asking for raises than men are. If men secretly ask for raises and secretly get then, while women dont, then that helps to explain, at least in part, why men end up earning more than women,” Salmon wrote. “Secrecy around pay is also a great way to allow managers toconsciously or unconsciously play favorites with their staff.”“Weve all worked in companies, Im sure, where the only way to get a substantial raise is to confront management with a job offer from somewhere else,” he added. “Thats clearly a dreadful way to run a company, since it gives all employees a huge incentive to spend a lot of time looking for work elsewhere, even if theyre happy where they are.”“If you work for a company where everybody knows what everybody else is earning, then its going to be very easy to see whats going on. Youll see who the stars are, youll see what kind of skills and talent the company rewards,” he wrote. “Youll also see whether men get paid more than women, whether managers are generally overpaid, and whether behavior like threatening to quit is rewarded with big raises. Whats more, because management knows that everybody else will see such things, theyll be much less likely to do the kind of secret deals which are all too common in most companies today.”1. What do we learn from the first paragraph?2. What is a possible reason why men usually earn more than women according to Salmon?3. The italicized phrase “play favorites with” most likely means to _.4. Another big problem secrecy about pay might cause is _.5. What does Salmon suggest might happen if there is no secrecy in pay?问题1选项A.Salmon is the first writer who put forward the question of pay discrepancy.B.Jill Abramson left New York Times when she knew that difference in pay.C.Managers seldom talk about their pay because it is a tradition not to.D.Jill Abramson didnt get the same pay with someone who did the same job.问题2选项A.Men are more likely to get the trust of their boss.B.Managers tend to think men are more capable than women.C.Men expect more pressure on the boss for pay raise than women.D.Men are more likely to make secret deal with the manager about pay.问题3选项A.make secret deals withB.treat differentlyC.show prejudice againstD.cheat问题4选项A.employees lack of full commitmentB.low productivityC.unhappy employeesD.frequent confrontations问题5选项A.Managers will earn less than they do today.B.Employees will be more skilled than today.C.It will be clear who the bosss favorite is.D.The company will become a fairer place than today.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Since companies tend to be run by people who earn a lot of money, the result is a culture of silence and secrecy when it comes to pay.（由于公司往往是由赚大钱的人经营的，其结果是在薪酬方面形成了一种沉默和保密的文化。）”，由此可知C选项“经理们很少谈论他们的薪酬，因为这是一种传统”正确。A选项“萨尔蒙是第一个提出工资差距问题的作家”文中没有说到；B选项“吉尔艾布拉姆森知道工资的差别后离开了纽约时报”文章也没有明确说到这二者有因果关系；D选项“吉尔艾布拉姆森没有和做同样工作的人得到同样的报酬”说法错误，文中只提到吉尔艾布拉姆森质疑她和自己前辈的工资差异，并没有说到他们是否是做的同样的工作，因此C选项正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“For one thing, secrecy about pay is bad for women, who are worse at asking for raises than men are. If men secretly ask for raises and secretly get then, while women dont, then that helps to explain, at least in part, why men end up earning more than women.（一方面，工资保密对女性不利，因为女性比男性更不善于要求加薪。如果男人偷偷地要求加薪，然后偷偷地得到加薪，而女人却没有，那么这就有助于解释，至少在一定程度上，为什么男人最终会比女人挣得多。）”，由此可知D选项“男人更容易和经理就工资问题做秘密交易”正确。A选项“男人更容易得到老板的信任”；B选项“经理们倾向于认为男人比女人更有能力”以及C选项“男性施加给经理的加薪压力比女性更大”文章都没有提及，因此D选项正确。3.语义推测题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Secrecy around pay is also a great way to allow managers toconsciously or unconsciously play favorites with their staff.（关于薪酬的保密也是一个很好的方法，可以让管理者有意识或无意识地与员工达成某种协议）”以及前文可知A选项“与做秘密交易”与play favorite with意思更接近。B选项“区别对待”；C选项“对有偏见”；D选项“欺骗”。因此A选项正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Weve all worked in companies, Im sure, where the only way to get a substantial raise is to confront management with a job offer from somewhere else,” he added. “Thats clearly a dreadful way to run a company, since it gives all employees a huge incentive to spend a lot of time looking for work elsewhere, even if theyre happy where they are.”（我敢肯定，我们都在一些公司工作过，要想获得大幅加薪，唯一的办法就是让管理层面