2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Nylon is a (n)（ ）material; it can be used to make a great many things.问题1选项A.compoundB.imitationC.versatileD.crystal【答案】C【解析】compound复合的；imitation人造的，仿制的；versatile多用的，万能的；crystal水晶的，透明的。根据下句：尼龙可以用来做很多东西，说明尼龙用途广泛，选项C符合句意。2. 单选题The tryptophan in the Thanksgiving turkey had _ effect, inducing sleep in those who consumed it.问题1选项A.an invigoratingB.depreciatoryC.hypnoticD.lethal【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。A选项an invigorating“使精力充沛的”；B选项depreciatory“贬值的”；C选项hypnotic“有催眠作用的；安眠的”；D选项lethal“致命的”。句意：感恩节火鸡中的色氨酸有_的作用，能让吃火鸡的人入睡。色氨酸可以让人们入睡，可见有让人产生困意的作用，C选项hypnotic“有催眠作用的；安眠的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题If you stand on top of a cliff booking down a deep valley, youll feel（ ）.问题1选项A.uncomfortableB.dizzyC.sickD.feeble【答案】B【解析】uncomfortable不舒服的；dizzy头晕目眩的；sick恶心的；feeble虚弱的。句意：如果你站在悬崖顶端往下看深谷，你会感到头晕目眩。选项B更符合语境。4. 单选题The great flames（ ）through the darkness.问题1选项A.glaredB.shoneC.shotD.flared【答案】D【解析】glare怒视，瞪眼；shine闪耀，多指光照，光线等；shoot射击；flare闪耀，多指火焰等。句意：巨大的火焰在夜空中闪耀。所以选项D正确。5. 单选题While its unique eating habits make the mountain gorilla a fascinating subject for observations, its small population and its shyness serve to _ many potential studies.问题1选项A.inspireB.fortifyC.releaseD.hinder【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项inspire“赋予灵感；鼓舞；激起”；B选项fortify“（在物质或精神上）加强”；C选项release“（情感）发泄；放松”；D选项hinder“阻碍”。句意：虽然山地大猩猩独特的饮食习惯吸引许多人的观察，但它数量少和害羞的特点_许多研究的可能性。横线处和studies构成动宾关系，While表示转折，大猩猩数量少且害羞，即使很多人想研究大猩猩也不能顺利地进行研究，会遇到一些困难，D选项hinder“阻碍”符合题意。因此D选项正确。6. 单选题The annual review of American company board practices by Korn/Ferry, a firm of headhunters, is a useful indicator of the health of corporate governance. This years review, published on November 12th, shows that the Sarbanes-Oxley act, passed in 2002 to try to prevent a repeat of corporate collapses such as Enrons and WorldComs, has had an impact on the boardroom-albeit at an average implementation cost that Korn/Ferry estimates at $5.1 m per firm.Two years ago, only 41% of American firms said they regularly held meetings of directors without their chief executive present; this year the figure was 93%. But some things have been surprisingly unaffected by the backlash against corporate scandals. For example, despite a growing feeling that former chief executives should not sit on their companys board, the percentage of American firms where they do has actually edged up, from 23% in 2003 to 25% in 2004.Also, disappointingly few firms have split the jobs of chairman and chide executive. Another survey of American boards published this week, by A.T. Kearney, a firm of consultants, found that in 2002, 14% of the boards of S&P 500 firms had separated the roles, and a further 16% said they planned to do so. But by 2004 only 23% overall had taken the plunge. A survey earlier in the year by consultants at McKinsey found that 70% of American directors and investors supported the idea of splitting the jobs, which is standard practice in Europe.Another disappointment is the slow progress in abolishing “staggered” boardsones where only one-third of the directors are up for re-election each year, to three-year terms. Invented as a defense against takeover, such boards, according to a new Harvard Law School study by Lucian Bebchuk and Alma Cohen, are unambiguously “associated with an economically significant reduction in firm value”.Despite this, the percentage of S&P 500 firms with staggered boards has fallen only slightly-from 63% in 2001 to 60% in 2003, according to the Investor Responsibility Research Centre. And many of those firms that have been forced by shareholders to abolish the system are doing so only slowly. Merck, a pharmaceutical company in trouble over the possible side-effects of its arthritis drug Vioxx, is allowing its directors to run their dull term before introducing a system in which they are all re-elected (or otherwise) annually. Other companies staggered boards are entrenched in their corporate charters, which cannot be amended by a shareholders vote. Anyone who expected the scandals of 2001 to bring about rapid change in the balance of power between managers and owners was, at best, naive.1.The Sarbanes-Oxley act is most probably about（ ）.2.The word “backlash” (Line 3, Paragraph 2) most probably means（ ）.3.According to the text, separating the roles between chairman and chief executive is（ ）.4.We learn from the text that a “staggered” board（ ）.5.Toward the board practice of American companies, the writers attitude can be said to be（ ） .问题1选项A.corporate scandalB.corporate managementC.corporate costD.corporate governance问题2选项A.a violent forceB.a strong impetusC.a firm measureD.a strong negative reaction问题3选项A.a common practice in American companiesB.what many Eur