2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Some taxonomists, particularly those working in herbaria and providing an identification service, do need such _.问题1选项A.approachB.confidenceC.faithD.expertise【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项approach“方法，方式；接近；接洽”；B选项confidence“信心；信任；秘密”；C选项faith“信仰；信念；信任；忠实”；D选项expertise“专门知识；专门技术；专家的意见”。句意：一些分类学家，特别是那些在标本室工作并提供鉴定服务的分类学家，确实需要这样的专业知识。因此D选项正确。2. 单选题In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartments. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent-controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.Some theorists argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who generally look for unskilled, low-paying jobs. However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers. They will replace workers with machinery. The price, which is the wage that employers must pay, increases. Therefore, other things being equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases. Thus, critics claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment. Some poor people may find themselves without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum wage.Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their dignity. Because of the law, workers cannot sell their services for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to accept jobs at unfair wages.Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if “other things are equal”.Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, however, that there are no simple answers to economic questions.1. There is the possibility that setting maximum rent may _.2. According to the critics, rent control _.3. The problem of unemployment will arise, _.4. The passage tells us _.5. Which of the following statements is NOT true?问题1选项A.cause a shortage of apartmentsB.worry those who rent apartments as homesC.increase the profits of landlordsD.encourage landlords to invest in building apartment问题2选项A.will always benefit those who rent apartmentsB.is unnecessaryC.will bring negative effects in the long runD.is necessary under all circumstances问题3选项A.if the minimum wage is set too highB.if the minimum wage is set too lowC.if the workers are unskilledD.if the maximum wage is set问题4选项A.the relationship between supply and demandB.the possible results of government controlsC.the necessity of government controlD.the urgency of getting rid of government controls问题5选项A.The results of economic decisions cannot always be predicted.B.Minimum wage cannot always protect employees.C.Economic theory can predict the results of economic decisions if other factors are not changing.D.Economic decisions should not be based on economic theory.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent-controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.（房东们知道他们不能通过出租公寓来增加自己的利润，因此他们会投资其他可以增加利润的业务。他们不会投资新建筑，因为新建筑也会受到租金管制。因此，新建公寓减少，许多需要公寓的人找不到公寓来租。根据评论家的说法，租金管制的最终结果是城市的公寓短缺。）”由此可知租金管制最有可能的结果就是造成城市公寓短缺，所以A选项“造成公寓短缺”说法正确。B选项“使那些租公寓当房子的人发愁”文章虽然有提到，但其并不是租金管制的最终结果，故不选；C选项“增加房东的利润”说法错误，文章提到租金管制会减少房东的利润；D选项“鼓励房东投资新公寓建造”说法错误，文中说到房东们并不会投资公寓，而是其他可以增加自己利润的业务。因此A选项正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects.（然而，批评者说，长期以来，租金控制可能会产生负面影响。）”由此可知C选项“从长远来看会带来负面影响”说法正确。A选项“将永远有利于那些租房的人”；B选项“是不必要的”；D选项“在任何情况下都是必要的”都不符合文章事实，因此C选项正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers.Thus, critics claim, an increase