Module 5 Unit 2 The environment Grammar Period1Learning aims（学习目标）:1. To grasp the usages of the ing form and the ing phrase.2. To grasp the usages of the perfect and passive form3. To finish some exercises about the ing form.Important and difficult points（重点难点）：1 Why should we use v-ing from?2 How do we use v-ing form? 预习导航【静下心来想一想】The formation of the ing form:1)Turn the following verbs into the ing form.1.debate _2.flow _ 3. wipe _4. cut _ 5. lay _ 6. clap _ 合作探究【有疑有问议一议】1. Identify the functions of the ing form.（方法引导:说一千，道一万，学语法关键是记住语法规则）1. Read the points 13 on page 28 and points14 on page 30 as carefully as you can and remember the different functions of the ing form.（记住the ving 形式的语法功能。）2. Read and study the examples below each point on P28 and P30, then be able to identify the functions of the ing form.（区分ving 在句子中的语法功能。）3. Read and study the following sentences and point out the different functions of the ing form.1).A waiting taxi is around the corner. Go and take it. _2). We all found the film very interesting. _3). I heard someone playing the violin in the next room. _4). They came into the classroom, talking. _5). I watched the athletes jumping into the swimming pool. _6). The news was really exciting. _7). The smiling boy ran to his mother. _8). The boy sat on the sofa watching TV. _9).The woman coming to dinner this evening works in the bank._2. Grammatical functions of v-ingV-ing used as attribute:1. a running man2. The man running in the picture is Liu Xiang.3. The man running fastest got the first place.4. The man who is running in the picture is Liu Xiang.学习小结：(1) V-ing形式作定语可表示动作正在进行（如例1、2）或表示和所修饰词之间有逻辑主动关系（如例3）。(2) 单个V-ing词作定语修饰名词一般置于名词之前（如例1）；V-ing词组修饰名词则置于名词之后（如例2、3），此时相当于一个定语从句（如例4）。an _ evening (激动人心的夜晚) an _ crosstalk (有趣的相声) the farmers _ (在田间劳作的农民) the meeting _ (持续半个小时的会议) V-ing used as Object Complement1. We saw some students playing basketball on the playground.2. I heard him singing in the next room.3.They have the fire burning all night. 学习小结：V-ing形式作宾语补足语置于宾语之后，表示一个正在进行的动作（如例1、2），或强调一个过程或一种状态。（如例3）V-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词:(1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有 see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to 等(2)表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：我发现地板上放着一个包。 I _on the ground.(find; lie) 那老板让工人整夜地工作。 The boss _the whole night. (keep; work)Ving used as predicativev-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，现在分词作表语,相当于形容词,表示主语的性质。 The film is interesting. The result is _.(令人吃惊的) 学习小结：作表语的现在分词常常由下列动词转化而来：_V-ing used as an adverb:V-ing词组可以在句中充当时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随 、让步等状语，相当状语从句1. v-ing短语作时间状语一般置于句首。如：Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. =When they heard the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。_, I decided to write back. 收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。 =_ I decided to write back. 2. v-ing短语作原因状语一般置于句首。如：Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.=Because he was so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. 因为太生气了，他不能入睡。因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。_, he didnt go last week. =_, he didnt go last week. 3. v-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：Working hard, you will succeed. =If you work hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功起早一点，否则你赶不上第一班公交车。_, you wont catch the first bus.=_, you wont cathch the first bus.4. v-ing短语作结果状语，常位于句末，用逗号与主句隔开，如His parents died, _.他父亲死了，留下他一个孤儿。5.V-ing作伴随状语They come into the classroom singing and laughing.=They sang and laughed; they came into the classroom. 他们又唱有笑地走进教室。 He sat at the table _.(吃晚饭) 温馨提示：切记现在分词的逻辑主语通常为句子的主语，否则应用分词独立结构或状语从句。巩固拓展【能力升华提一提】1.He had wonderful childhood,_ with his mother to all corners of the world. A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling2. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. （NMET 2003）A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked3.The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu,_ the students to return to their classrooms.A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled4. The nex