阅读理解第二部分七选五 专项指导和训练Offered by Sherwin 阅读理解七选五的本质是考查语篇的衔接，是四川卷的新题型，我们主要参考全国卷对该题型的考查来帮助我们备考。一、命题特点: 1.短文体裁：通常考说明文。 2.短文内容：教人如何学习、如何做事、如何生活等。 3.短文长度：虽然考纲中说“一段约300词的短文留出5个空白”，但近五年的实际情况是：最短的是2013年新课标卷I，仅194词，最长的是2014年新课标卷II，有297词。 4. 短文特征：文章多半有大标题、小标题、主题句，或有表示列举或顺序的词(如first, second, next, then, finally等)，结构清晰，层次分明，条理清楚，便于理解。 5.设空特点：空格设置有可能在文首、文中、文尾。在文首时，主要是要求考生选段落小标题或段落的主题句，标题一般为名词短语或祈使句。位于段落中间，很可能是说明原因、举例证明、分述细化主题、解释前句中的某个概念等。位于段末或文末，可能是结论句，也可能是与前段或几段是并列关系，分述主题中的一个具体内容。 6. 选项排列：通常是由最短到最长依次排列，但也有可能由最长到最短依次排列(注：仅2013和2012两年的新课标卷I是由长到短依次排列)。二、解题策略： 1. 略读文章抓大意 即以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的大小标题、首段、每段的首句，以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(特别是however, but等后的内容)等重要部分，以了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。事实上，一般只需花510秒阅读大小标题和第一段首尾句即可。 2. 重点阅读上下句 因为正确选项必定会与上下句之间语义衔接、逻辑通顺，解题时大多只看上句，或只看下句，就可基本确定答案。三、解题方法： （一）词语复现 作者或说话人在谈论某个话题或主题时，与主题相关的词语必定会以原词、同义词或近义词等形式在上下文中重复出现，这种现象叫词语复现。同一个词的重复出现叫原词复现；以同义词的形式重复出现，叫同义复现；以近义词或近义表达(意思相近，表达方式不同)的形式重复出现，叫近义复现；以词义相同而词性不同的同根词的形式重复出现，叫同根复现。还有上义词与下义词的复现(adult是teacher, parent的上义词，而teacher, parent就是adult的下义词)。词语复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段，而七选五正是考查语篇衔接，因此，利用词语复现解七选五十分管用。在近五年的8套全国新课标卷共40道题中有13道题利用这一招可直接选出答案，利用这一招可将选项缩小到2个选项的还有5道，也就是说，平均起来，几乎有一半的题仅用这一招就可解决。当然，利用词语复现解题十分管用，但这并不意味着凡与上句或下句有复现词的选项就一定是正确选项，只是正确的可能性更大，在解题过程中需重点考虑或优选考虑而已。是否为正确答案，还得将含复现词的选项代入原文，看该选项与上下文是否真的衔接，只有上下衔接紧密的才是正确选项。 1. True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. _There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity. (2014课标卷I38) B. And we cant forget science education. C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill. 2. You didnt lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. _ Instead, its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness. (2015课标卷I40) E. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again. F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened. 3.Self Expression _ There are many ways to express thoughts and ideasmusic, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another. (2014课标卷I40) B. And we cant forget science education. C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill. 4. Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. _ (课标卷I37) C. Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals. D. However, some businesses only seek to enough to cover their operating costs. E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. 5. Its important to show your child how money is traded for the thing he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier. _ When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more complex ways of using money. (课标卷72) D. Tell your child why he can or cannothave certain things. E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you. F. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store. 6. Approach money lessons with openness and honesty. _ If you must say no to a childs request to spend money, explain, “You have enough toy trucks for now.” Or, if the request is for many different things, say, “You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.” (课标卷73) B. The value of money. C. Permit the child to choose between them. D. Tell your child why he can or cannothave certain things. 7. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. _ If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases. (课标卷75) A. Wise decisions. B. The value of money. C. Permit the child to choose between them. 8. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. _ After two weeks (2015课标卷II39) D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile. F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training. G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time. 10. Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is