2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题So much data indicate the worlds progress towards meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), a set of targets adopted by world leaders at the UN more than ten years ago. But the goal-setting exercise has further pitfalls. Too often, the goals are reduced to working out how much money is needed to meet a particular target. Yet the countries that have made most progress in cutting poverty have largely done so not by spending public money, but by encouraging faster economic growth. As Shanta Devarajan, the World Banks chief economist for Africa, points out, growth does not just make more money available for social spending. It also increases the demand for such things as schooling, and thus helps meet other development goals. Yet the goals, as drawn up, made no mention of economic growth.Of course growth by itself does not solve all the problems of the poor. It is also clear that while money helps, how it is spent and what it is spent on are enormously important. For instances, campaigners often ask for more to be spent on primary education. But throughout the developing world teachers on the public payroll are often absent from school. Teacher-absenteeism rates are around 20% in rural Kenya, 27% in Uganda and 14% in Ecuador.In any case, money that is allocated for such services rarely reaches its intended recipients. A study found that 70% of the money allocated for drugs and supplies by the Uganda government in 2000 was lost; in Ghana, 80% was siphoned off. Money needs to be spent, therefore, not merely on building more schools or hiring more teachers, but on getting them to do what they are paid for, and preventing resources from disappearing somewhere between the central government and their supposed destination.The good news is that policy experiments carried out by governments, NGOs, academics and international institutions are slowly building up a body of evidence about methods that work. A large-scale evaluation in Andhra Pradesh in southern India was shown, for example, that performance pay for teachers is three times as effective at raising pupils test scores as the equivalent amount spent on school supplies.And in Uganda the government, appalled that money meant for schools was not reaching them, took to publicizing how much was being allotted, using radio and newspaper. Money wastage was dramatically reduced. The World Bank hopes to bring such innovations to the notice of other governments during the summit, if it can. For if the drive against poverty succeed, it will owe more to such ideas and wider use than to targets set at UN-sponsored summits.26. According to the text, which of the following merits cant we derive from economic growth?27. Teacher-absenteeism is cited as example _.28. According to the author, we should _ when dealing with allocated money.29. On which of the following would the author most probably agree?30. We may infer from the last paragraph that _.问题1选项A.It increases other demands such as education.B.It may help the government to fulfill Millennium Development Goals.C.Faster growth will lift the poor out of poverty.D.Economic growth may solve some problems of the poor.问题2选项A.to call for governments apply performance pay to teachersB.to underline the importance of money should be spent on where it is neededC.to state that the allocated money should get staffs to do what they are paid forD.to show that African countries have a long way to go before reaching the UNs goalposts问题3选项A.avoid the leakage of moneyB.give the anti-poverty plans the priorityC.promote education to a higher levelD.improve public infrastructure first问题4选项A.Economic growth does not make more money available for social spending.B.Money leakage is a big problem that Africa encounters.C.Millennium Development Goals may involve each countrys GDP growth.D.Millennium Development Goals have come to be seen as applying to each developing country.问题5选项A.the World Bank plays an important role in helping Uganda fix money leakageB.money leakage is rampantly flourishing in UgandaC.Millennium Development Goals may have failed in lifting the poor out of povertyD.innovative ideas should come before targets set by UN【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】26.事实细节题。根据第二段第一、二句Of course growth by itself does not solve all the problems of the poor. It is also clear that while money helps, how it is spent and what it is spent on are enormously important.（当然，增长本身并不能解决穷人的所有问题。同样明显的是，虽然钱有帮助，但如何花，花在什么地方非常重要。），可知经济增长对于脱贫有帮助，但是不能根治，C选项“更快的增长将使贫困人口摆脱贫困”不符合文章意思，所以正确，钱在脱贫上有帮助，D选项“经济增长可能解决穷人的一些问题”符合文章意思，故错误。A选项“增加了其他需求，如教育”：根据第一段倒数第二句It also increases the demand for such things as schooling（它还增加了对教育等方面的需求），可知符合文章意思，故错误。B选项“可能有助于政府实现千年发展目标”：根据第一段第一句和第三句So much data indicate the worlds progress towards meeting the Mi