2022年考博英语-东华大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题_ the wall, we decided that we should need three tins of paint.问题1选项A.Making upB.Doing upC.Putting upD.Sizing up【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配的用法。A项make up“构成、化妆”；B项do up“扎、捆”；C项put up“举起、建造”；D项size up“判断、估量”；句意：我们估量了一下这面墙，决定需要三罐油漆。因此该题D项正确。2. 单选题Hot metal _ as it grows cooler.问题1选项A.contractsB.reducesC.condensesD.compresses【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项contract“收缩、订约”；B项reduce“减少”；C项condense“浓缩、凝结”；D项compress“压缩、压紧、精简”；句意：热金属一变冷就收缩。因此该题A项正确。3. 单选题_ should any money be given to a small child.问题1选项A.On no accountB.From all accountC.Of no accountD.By all account【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配的用法。A项on no account“决不”，放在句首作状语时，主谓应该倒装；B项from all account“根据各方面所说”；C项of no account“不重要的、没有价值的”，在句中通常作表语和定语；D项by all account“据大家所说”；句意：绝不能给小孩钱。因此该题A项正确。4. 单选题Taking advantage of his popularity in the opinion polls, the Prime Minister has decided to call a_ election for next month.问题1选项A.convincingB.magneticC.snapD.clean-cut【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“convincing”，意为“令人信服的；有说服力的”；B选项“magnetic”，意为“地磁的；有磁性的；有吸引力的”；C选项“snap”，意为“突然的”，snap election是个短语，意为“提前选举；临时选举”；D选项“clean-cut”，意为“（尤指男人）外表整洁的，优雅高尚的；轮廓分明的”。句意：首相利用他在民意调查中的声望，决定在下个月_提前_举行选举。本句表示“首相想趁着自己在民意调查中富有声望，于是提前进行选举，来获取优势地位”。因此C选项符合题意。5. 单选题Faced with the _ difficulties, they are determined to carry on their program.问题1选项A.satisfactoryB.attributableC.innocentD.intangible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项satisfactory“满意的”；B项attributable“可归于的、可归属的”；C项innocent“无辜的、无罪的”；D项intangible“无形的、触摸不到的”；句意：面对无形的困难，他们决心把计划进行下去。因此该题D项正确。6. 单选题If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hiredrented at the lowest possible costmuch as one buys raw materials or equipment. The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is centralusually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firms hierarchy.While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.1. Which of the following applies to the management of human resources inAmerican companies?2. What is the position of the head of human-resource management in an American firm?3. The money most American firms put in training mainly goes to_.4. According to the passage, the decisive factor in maintaining a firms competition advantage is_.5. What is the main idea of the Passage?问题1选项A.They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skill.B.They see the gaining of skills as their employees own business.C.They attach more importance to workers than to equipment.D.They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition.问题2选项A.He is one of the most important executives in the firm.B.His post is likely to disappear when new technologic are introduced.C.He is directly under the chief financial executive