2022-2023年考博英语-大连工业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题When you prepare for your speech, be sure to cite（ ） qualified sources of information and examples.问题1选项A.unbiasedB.manipulatedC.distortedD.conveyed【答案】A【解析】词义辨析题。A选项unbiased“公正的，无偏见的”；B选项manipulated“操作”；C选项distorted“扭曲的”；D选项conveyed“传达”。句意：当你准备你的演讲时，一定要引用公正的、合格的信息来源和例子。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题Wealthy nations have fallen far behind on their aid（ ）to the worlds poor.问题1选项A.commitmentsB.engagementsC.responsibilitiesD.applications【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。A选项commitment“承诺，保证”；B选项engagement“约会，诺言”；C选项responsibility“责任，职责”；D选项application“应用，申请”。句意：富裕国家在对援助世界穷国的责任方面远远落后。选项C符合句意。3. 单选题A product is to be regarded as being （ ）when introduced into another country at less than its normal value.问题1选项A.dischargedB.discardedC.disposedD.dumped【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。A选项discharged“排出，卸货”；B选项discarded“丢弃，废弃”；C选项disposed“处理，配置”；D选项dumped“倾销，抛售”。句意：当一种产品以低于正常价值的价格引进另一个国家时，就被视为倾销。选项D更符合语境。4. 单选题It is often difficult to（ ）between a mere exaggeration and a deliberately lying.问题1选项A.disguiseB.cultivateC.originateD.discriminate【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。A选项disguise“掩饰，隐瞒”；B选项cultivate“培养”；C选项originate“引起，创作”；D选项discriminate“区别，辨别”。句意：人们常常很难区分纯粹夸张和故意撒谎。选项D符合语境。5. 单选题The doctor told the students that a(n) （ ） disease was one that could be passed from one person to another.问题1选项A.effectiveB.infectiousC.coherentD.inherent【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项effective“有效的，起作用的”；B选项infectious“传染的”；C选项coherent“连贯的，一致的”；D选项inherent“固有的，内在的”。句意：医生告诉学生传染病是一种可以从一个人传染给另一个人的疾病。infectious disease意为“传染病”，所以选项B正确。6. 单选题To ensure its sustained progress in economy, the government has （ ）a series of policies.问题1选项A.reservedB.issuedC.deliveredD.expressed【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项reserve“预定”；B选项issue“发行”；C选项deliver“交付”；D选项express“表达”。句意：为保证经济的持续发展，政府出台了一系列政策。选项B更符合语境，所以正确。7. 单选题After his recovery from illness, he is determined to（ ）hat he had been doing to attain the goal.问题1选项A.assumeB.consumeC.presumeD.resume【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项assume“承担”；B选项consume“消耗，挥霍”；C选项presume“假定，推测”；D选项resume“（中断后）重新开始，继续”。句意：他病好后，决心继续为实现目标而努力。选项D符合语境。8. 单选题The（ ）of the word is unknown, but it is certainly not from Greek.问题1选项A.originB.generationC.descentD.cause【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项origin“起源”；B选项generation“产生”；C选项descent“下降”；D选项cause“原因”。句意：这个词的起源尚不清楚，但肯定不是来自希腊语。选项A符合句意。9. 翻译题In this section , there is a passage in English. Translate the passage into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Dont dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U. S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations -trucking, financial advice, software engineering-have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isnt to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites(反对技术进步者）whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms , but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.Technology will improve society in ways big or small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.【答案】在中产阶级面临的诸多恼人挑战中，有一个很可能在下届总统竞选中会被忽视：当机器人来抢饭碗时会发生什么?不要完全排除这种可能性。牛津大学的一项研究显示，美国约有一半的工作面临着被自动化取代的高风险，中产阶级受到了不成比例的挤压。像园艺或日托这样的低收入工作对机器人没有吸引力。但许多中产阶级的职业-卡车运输、金融咨询、软件工程-已经引起了他们的兴趣，或者很快就会引起他们的兴趣。富人拥有机器人，所以他们会没事的。这不是危言耸听。乐观主义者指出，技术变革在过去曾使工人受益。工业革命对反对技术进步者来说并不那么顺利，他们的工作被机械化的织布机取代了，但工业革命最终提高了生活水平，创造的就业岗位比被摧毁的要多。同样，自动化最终应该会提高生产率，通过压低价格来刺激需求，让工人从繁重、乏味的工作中解脱出来。但从中期来看，中产阶级工人可能需要大量帮助来进行调整。未来几年，技术将大大小小的改善社会，但对于那些发现自己的生活和事业被自动化颠覆的人来说，这并不是什么安慰。摧毁那些为我们工作而来的机器将是疯狂的。但帮助工人适应的政策将是不可或缺的。10. 单选题（ ）is forbidden in some states in the United States for religious reasons, while it is permitted in some other states.问题1选项A.ConceptionB.AbortionC.DeliveryD.Perception【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。A选项Conception“怀孕”；B选项Abortion“堕胎，流产”；C选项Delivery“分娩”；D选项Perception“感知”。句